Production and characterization of somatic hybrids between the Japanese radish and cauliflower.

Somatic hybrids between the Japanese radish and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) were produced by protoplast electrofusion in order to introduce clubroot disease resistance in the Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus) into Brassica crops. After electrofusion of iodoacetamide-treated cauliflower protoplasts with untreated radish ones, culture was performed under conditions, that allowed only cauliflower protoplasts to regenerate. Out of 40 regenerated plants, 37 were morphologically of a hybrid type and 3 of a cauliflower type. On the basis of isozyme and RFLP analysis, all of the hybrid-type plants tested proved to be true hybrids. Of the 10 true hybrids tested, 9 were found to contain chloroplasts similar to those found in the Japanese radish, while only 1 contained those of the cauliflower. Using two mitochondrial genes as probes, we were able to show that 3 hybrids contained mitochondria of the Japanese radish, with some modification, while 7 hybrids had either parental or new patterns. All of the hybrid-type plants showed resistance to clubroot disease as high as that found in the Japanese radish. Some hybrids were self-fertile. All of the self-fertile hybrids were found to contain 36 chromosomes, indicating that they were amphidiploids. In addition, a few seeds were obtained from a backcross of the self-fertile hybrids to both parents.