Effects of amiodarone and its metabolite, desethylamiodarone, on the electrophysiologic properties of isolated cardiac muscle.

The electrophysiologic (EP) effects of chronically administered amiodarone (AM) is known, but the nature of its acute effects are unclear. Whether the delayed onset of AM action is due to its metabolite, desethylamiodarone (DAM), is also uncertain. By standard microelectrode techniques in isolated canine ventricular muscle (VM) and Purkinje fibers (PF) and in rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node and atrium, we therefore studied the comparative effects of AM and DAM, 10(-6) M (0.68 micrograms/ml), 10(-5) M (6.8 micrograms/ml), and 5 X 10(-5) M (34 micrograms/ml), dissolved in ethanol and homologous serum. In VM, PF, and atria stimulated at 1 Hz, AM and DAM had no effect on Vmax, action potential amplitude (APA), or resting membrane potential. At 2-4 Hz, AM exerted a marked use-dependent effect in VM and PF. In atria, 5 X 10(-5) M, AM and DAM increased (p less than 0.01) action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90); the effective refractory period (ERP) increased by 10.5% (p less than 0.05 for AM) and 21.6% (p less than 0.01 for DAM). In VM, AM increased APD90 by 9.6% (p less than 0.01) at 10(-6) M, 13.7% (p less than 0.01) at 10(-5) M, and 16.9% (p less than 0.01) at 5 X 10(-5) M. The corresponding values for DAM were 5.6% (NS), and 7.3% (p less than 0.01), respectively. The ERP in VM was increased significantly by AM but not by DAM at all 3 drug concentrations without a change in APD90/ERP ratio. In PF, AM and DAM decreased APD50 and APD90; the effects were greater than those produced by the superfusion medium, but the degree of shortening in ERP induced by AM and DAM was not. AM and DAM (10(-5) and 5 X 10(-5) M) increased spontaneous cycle length of rabbit SA node. AM significantly decreased slope of phase 4 depolarization (10.4% at 10(-6) M, p less than 0.05; 14.5% at 10(-5) M, p less than 0.01; 24.0% at 5 X 10(-5) M, p less than 0.01). At 5 X 10(-5) M, AM significantly decreased APA, maximum diastolic potential and threshold potential with an insignificant effect on APD100.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)