Heavy metal pollution in Jamaica 1: Survey of cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations in the Kintyre and Hope Flat districts.

Despite its being highly mineralised, the Hope Mine area has become a residential district. Composite soil samples taken from 91 allotments show values for cadmium: < 2-220 mg kg(-1), lead: 6-38,000 mg kg(-1), and zinc: 66-40,000 mg kg(-1). Water samples from adits contain 52-86 μg kg(-1) of lead and < 1-2 hg kg(-1) of cadmium. The soil contents of cadmium and lead in at least two areas suggest that remedial actions should be considered. Blood lead levels for 33 children aged between ten months and seven years are in the range 5.7-57 μg dl(-1); haemoglobin levels vary between 9.7 and 12.7 mg dl(-1). There is no obvious relationship between Pb and haemoglobin levels. Further geochemical work to define fully the spatial extent of the polluted region and epidemiological studies including intelligence testing to define further the effects of lead on children in this environment would be valuable.