Biosynthesis of gallotannins : Enzymatic 'disproportionation' of 1,6-digalloylglucose to 1,2,6-trigalloylglucose and 6-galloylglucose by an acyltransferase from leaves of Rhus typhina L.

Cell-free extracts from leaves of Rhus typhina L. (sumach) were found to transfer the 1-O-galloyl moiety of l,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose to the 2-position of the same compound, yielding 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and leaving 6-O-galloylglucose as the deacylated by-product. The enzyme catalyzing this 'disproportionation' was purified almost 1700-fold. It had a molecular weight of approx. 56 000, a K m value of 11.5 mM, was stable between pH 4.5 and 6.5, and most active at pH 5.9 and 40° C. The systematic name "1,6-di-O-galloyl-glucose: 1,6-di-O-galloylglucose 2-O-galloyltransferase" (EC 2.3.1.) was proposed for this new enzyme whose detection provided evidence that, in addition to β-glucogallin (1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose), higher substituted glucose esters also have the potential to serve as acyl donors in the biosynthesis of gallotannins.