Effective blockage of the interfacial recombination process at TiO(2) nanowire array electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells.

Effective blockage of recombination electron transfer of a fast electron transfer redox couple (ferrocenium/ferrocene or Fc(+)/Fc) at TiO2 nanowire array electrodes is achieved by silanization of the dye loaded TiO2 nanowire array. FT-IR clearly shows the formation of polysiloxane network at fluorine doped tin electrodes covered with TiO2 nanowire arrays and the dye molecules. Compared to the commonly used TiO2 nanoparticle film electrodes, the TiO2 nanowire array has a more spatially accessible structure, facilitating the formation of uniform polysiloxane films. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) also reveals the presence of Si over multiple spots at the cross sections of the silanized TiO2 nanowire array electrodes. As a result, a rather high open-cell voltage Voc (0.69 V) and an enhanced efficiency (0.749 %) for DSSC with the Fc(+)/Fc couple were obtained. Contrary to the passivated TiO2 nanoparticle film electrodes at which a complex, biphasic dependence of electron lifetime on Voc was observed, we recorded a logarithm linear dependence of the lifetime on Voc after the silanization treatment. The nanowire arrays with optimal salinization treatments afford a useful surface for the study of electron recombination and photovoltaic generation in DSSCs.