Spectroscopic study and optical and electrical properties of Ti-doped ZnO thin films by spray pyrolysis.

Zinc oxide films were doped with different concentrations of Ti on glass substrates at 400°C by spray pyrolysis technique. The films exhibited single phase ZnO for low concentrations of Ti. Wurtzite ZnO peaks were observed at higher doping concentration with decreased crystallinity. Crystallite size, strain and dislocation density were evaluated from the X-ray diffraction data. Surface morphology of the films indicated that a remarkable decrease in grain size with increasing of Ti concentration. The band gap of the films was found to be increased from 3.20 eV to 3.32 eV as the concentration of Ti doping increases. The resistivity of the films decreased from 9×10(5) Ω cm to 9×10(4) Ω cm with the increase of Ti doping concentration. Both Raman spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence exhibited characteristic peaks that confirmed the formation of ZnO phase. Crown