Dissociation of dimers of human hemoglobins A and F into monomers.

Dissociation of alpha beta and alpha gamma dimers of human hemoglobins (Hb) A and F into monomers was studied by alpha chain exchange (Shaeffer, J. R., McDonald, M. J., Turci, S. M., Dinda, D. M., and Bunn, H. F. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14544-14547). Unlabeled carbonmonoxy-Hb A was incubated with trace amounts of preparatively purified, native, 3H-alpha subunits in 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, at 25 degrees C. At appropriate times, free alpha monomers were separated from Hb A tetramers by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Transfer of radioactivity from the alpha chain pool into Hb A was measured, yielding a first order dimer dissociation rate constant, k2 = (3.2 +/- 0.3) X 10(-3) h-1. The Arrhenius plot of k2 was linear between 7 and 37 degrees C, yielding an enthalpy of activation of 23 kcal/alpha beta dimer. As the chloride concentration was raised from 0 to 0.2 M, the dissociation rate increased 3-fold; with higher salt concentrations, however, the rate gradually returned to baseline. This rate was not altered by raising the pH from 6.5 to 7.2, but as pH was further raised to 8.4, kappa 2 increased about 3-fold. Hb F, which has an increased stability at alkaline pH, dissociated into alpha and gamma monomers 3 times more slowly than Hb A. Moreover, the dimer-monomer dissociation of Hb F was characterized by a significantly reduced pH dependence. These results demonstrate that both alpha beta and alpha gamma dimers of Hb A and Hb F dissociate reversibly into monomers under physiologic conditions. The differential pH dependence for dimer dissociation between Hb A and Hb F suggests that specific amino acid replacement at the alpha 1 gamma 1 interface confers increased resistance to alkaline denaturation.