New developments in the preparation of counselors.

Since World War II, the emphasis in clinical and counseling psychology has been on training people at the Ph.D. level. While some need for subdoctoral training has been expressed at national conferences, there has been comparatively little actual support for such programs. With the increasing social demand for mental health services, however, some new developments are apparent. Several such new attempts at innovative training programs are reviewed and their implications discussed. A trend is evident for such training to occur outside of universities, to emphasize practical training, and to focus on participatory learning.