Physical mapping of translocation breakpoints in rye by means of synaptonemal complex analysis.

A physical map including 40 translocation breakpoints has been constructed in rye by means of synaptonemal complex (SC) analysis of well-paired pachytene quadrivalents. The chromosome arms involved in such translocations were previously identified either from mitotic C-banding analysis or from the meiotic configurations observed in the progenies of crosses with a rye line having multiple chromosome rearrangements. The synaptonemal complexes formed by some translocation homozygotes were also analyzed, the relative pachytene SC length of their translocated chromosomes being compared to that observed in the corresponding translocation heterozygotes. In the translocations in which the position of the breakpoint could be well defined from mitotic C-banding analysis, a good correspondence between the relative position of the point showing partner exchange in the pachytene quadrivalents and the actual location of the breakpoint was established. It is concluded that the mapping of translocation breakpoints by SC analysis of pachytene quadrivalents provides a more accurate estimate of the position of the breakpoints than that obtained from mitotic C-banding analysis, due to the lack of evenly-distributed interstitial C-bands in most rye chromosomes. The distribution of the breakpoints along the chromosomes in relation to their spontaneous or induced origin is also discussed.