Aprotinin induced lipohypertrophy and glomerulonephritis in an insulin dependent diabetic.

In an insulin dependent diabetic who was hyperglycaemic and ketotic despite 3,000 u of insulin injected subcutaneously in 2 divided doses daily, 50 u of intravenous insulin infused over 24 hr restored normal glucose homeostasis. A combination of insulin (800 u) and aprotinin (10,000 u) given twice daily also produced adequate glucose homeostasis for a period of 12 months. The patient then developed local hypertrophy of subcutaneous tissue at the injection site and her diabetic control deteriorated. Non-selective proteinuria followed and she developed nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed a membraneous glomerulonephritis with subepithelial immune complexes, appearances consistent with a drug-induced glomerulonephritis. Withdrawal of aprotinin led to a gradual remission of nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria over several months. During this period, her diabetes was well controlled with continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin at a dose of 500 u/24 hr. This case report demonstrates: the effective use of aprotinin for prolonged periods in insulin dependent diabetics with abnormal absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin; aprotinin induced lipohypertrophy which was not observed when insulin was injected alone; aprotinin-associated glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome; the effective use of CSII--at higher insulin doses--in such patients with subcutaneous malabsorption of insulin.