Overexpression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is a newly identified proto-oncogene that has been shown to be aberrantly overexpressed in a subset of human cancers. The aim of the present study was to examine PTTG expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and explore its clinical significance. PTTG protein expression was analyzed in 108 archived, paraffin-embedded primary ESCC specimens by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patients' outcome. Overexpression of PTTG was observed in 38.0% (41/108) of primary ESCC tissues and significantly correlated with differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and depth of invasion (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that ESCC patients with tumors expressing high levels of PTTG had substantially shorter overall survival compared with patients expressing low levels of PTTG (P=0.022, log-rank test). Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that overexpression of PTTG was an independent prognostic factor in overall survival for ESCC patients (hazard ratio was 2.35, P=0.009). Overall, our data suggest that overexpression of PTTG may contribute to the malignant progression of ESCC and serve as a novel prognostic indicator for patients with ESCC.