Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome: rapid recognition and rapid intervention decrease the risk of mortality--a case study.

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of hemodialysis that is often undetected and under-reported. Early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent the potential deadly effects of this disorder and improve outcomes for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. Using a case study, this article discusses the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, prevention, and management of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.