The mechanism of cation permeation in rabbit gallbladder : Conductances, the current-voltage relation, the concentration dependence of anion-cation discrimination, and the calcium competition effect.

The questions underlying ion permeation mechanisms, the types of experiments available to answer these questions, and the properties of some likely permeation models are examined, as background to experiments designed to characterize the mechanism of alkali cation permeation across rabbit gallbladder epithelium. Conductance is found to increase linearly with bathing-solution salt concentrations up to at least 400MM. In symmetrical solutions of single alkali chloride salts, the conductance sequence is K(+)>Rb(+)>Na(+)>Cs(+)∼Li(+). The current-voltage relation is linear in symmetrical solutions and in the presence of a single-salt concentration gradient up to at least 800 mV. The anion/cation permeability ratio shows little change with concentration up to at least 300MM. Ca(++) reduces alkali chloride single-salt dilution potentials, the magnitude of the effect being interpreted as an inverse measure of cation equilibrium constants. The equilibrium-constant sequence deduced on this basis is K(+)>Rb(+)>Na(+)∼Cs(+)∼Li(+). These results suggest (1) that the mechanism of cation permeation in the gallbladder is not the same as that in a macroscopic ion-exchange membrane; (2) that cation mobility ratios are closer to one than are equilibrium-constant ratios; (3) that the rate-limiting step for cation permeation is in the membrane interior rather than at the membrane-solution interface; and (4) that the rate-controlling membrane is one which is sufficiently thick that it obeys microscopic electroneutrality.