Junctional membrane permeability : Depression by substitution of Li for extracellular Na, and by long-term lack of Ca and Mg; restoration by cell repolarization.

Substitution of extracellular Na(+) by Li(+) causes depression of junctional membrane permeability inChironomus salivary gland cells; within 3 hr, permeability falls to so low a level that neither fluorescein nor the smaller inorganic ions any longer traverse the junctional membrane in detectable amounts (uncoupling). The effect is Li-specific: if choline(+) is the Na(+) substitute, coupling is unchanged. The Li-produced uncoupling is not reversed by restitution of Na(+). Long-term exposure (>1 hr) of the cells to Ca, Mg-free medium leads also to uncoupling. This uncoupling is fully reversible by early restitution of Ca(++) or Mg(++). Coupling is maintained in the presence of either Ca(++) or Mg(++), so long as the total divalent concentration is about 12MM. The uncoupling in Ca, Mg-free medium ensues regardless of whether the main monovalent cation is Na, Li or choline.The uncouplings are accompanied by cell depolarization. Repolarization of the cells by inward current causes restoration of coupling; the junctional conductance rises again to its normal level. The effect was shown for Li-produced uncoupling, for uncoupling by prolonged absence of external Ca(++) and Mg(++), and for uncoupling produced by dinitrophenol. In all cases, the recoupling has the same features: (1) it develops rapidly upon application of the polarizing current; (2) it is cumulative; (3) it is transient, but outlasts the current; and (4) it appears not to depend on the particular ions carrying the current from the electrodes to the cell. The recoupling is due to repolarization of nonjunctional cell membrane; recoupling can be produced at zero net currernt through the junctional membrane. Recoupling takes place also as a result of chemically produced repolarization; restoration of theK gradients in uncoupled cells causes partial recoupling during the repolarization phase.An explanation of the results on coupling is proposed in terms of known mechanisms of regulation of Ca(++) flux in cells. The uncouplings are explained by actions raising the Ca(++) level in the cytoplasmic environment of the junctional membranes; the recoupling is explained by actions lowering this Ca(++) level.