Paraskevi Salpea1, Anelia Horvath, Edra London, Fabio R Faucz, Annalisa Vetro, Isaac Levy, Evgenia Gourgari, Andrew Dauber, Ingrid A Holm, Patrick J Morrison, Margaret F Keil, Charalampos Lyssikatos, Eric D Smith, Marc A Sanidad, JoAnn C Kelly, Zunyan Dai, Philip Mowrey, Antonella Forlino, Orsetta Zuffardi, Constantine A Stratakis. 1. Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (P.S., E.L., F.R.F., I.L., E.G., M.F.K., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (A.H.), The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20037; Department of Molecular Medicine (A.V., A.F., O.Z.), University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; Division of Genetics and Endocrinology (A.D., I.A.H.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Regional Medical Genetics Center (P.J.M.), Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AB, United Kingdom; and Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute (E.D.S., M.A.S., J.C.K., Z.D., P.M.), Chantilly, Virginia 20151.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome caused by PRKAR1A-inactivating mutations. One-third of the patients, however, have no detectable PRKAR1A coding sequence defects. Small deletions of the gene were previously reported in few patients, but large deletions of the chromosomal PRKAR1A locus have not been studied systematically in a large cohort of patients with CNC. SETTING: A tertiary care referral center was the setting for analysis of an international cohort of patients with CNC. METHODS: Methods included genome-wide array analysis followed by fluorescent in situ hybridization, mRNA, and other studies as well as a retrospective analysis of clinical information and phenotype-genotype correlation. RESULTS: We detected 17q24.2-q24.3 deletions of varying size that included the PRKAR1A gene in 11 CNC patients (of 51 tested). Quantitative PCR showed that these patients had significantly lower PRKAR1A mRNA levels. Phenotype varied but was generally severe and included manifestations that are not commonly associated with CNC, presumably due to haploinsufficiency of other genes in addition to PRKAR1A. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number (21.6%) of patients with CNC that are negative in currently available testing may have PRKAR1A haploinsufficiency due to genomic defects that are not detected by Sanger sequencing. Array-based studies are necessary for diagnostic confirmation of these defects and should be done in patients with unusual and severe phenotypes who are PRKAR1A mutation-negative.
BACKGROUND: Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome caused by PRKAR1A-inactivating mutations. One-third of the patients, however, have no detectable PRKAR1A coding sequence defects. Small deletions of the gene were previously reported in few patients, but large deletions of the chromosomal PRKAR1A locus have not been studied systematically in a large cohort of patients with CNC. SETTING: A tertiary care referral center was the setting for analysis of an international cohort of patients with CNC. METHODS: Methods included genome-wide array analysis followed by fluorescent in situ hybridization, mRNA, and other studies as well as a retrospective analysis of clinical information and phenotype-genotype correlation. RESULTS: We detected 17q24.2-q24.3 deletions of varying size that included the PRKAR1A gene in 11 CNC patients (of 51 tested). Quantitative PCR showed that these patients had significantly lower PRKAR1A mRNA levels. Phenotype varied but was generally severe and included manifestations that are not commonly associated with CNC, presumably due to haploinsufficiency of other genes in addition to PRKAR1A. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number (21.6%) of patients with CNC that are negative in currently available testing may have PRKAR1Ahaploinsufficiency due to genomic defects that are not detected by Sanger sequencing. Array-based studies are necessary for diagnostic confirmation of these defects and should be done in patients with unusual and severe phenotypes who are PRKAR1A mutation-negative.
Authors: C A Stratakis; T Papageorgiou; A Premkumar; S Pack; L S Kirschner; S E Taymans; Z Zhuang; W H Oelkers; J A Carney Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2000-11 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: C A Stratakis; N A Courcoutsakis; A Abati; A Filie; J L Doppman; J A Carney; T Shawker Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 1997-07 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: C A Stratakis; N Sarlis; L S Kirschner; J A Carney; J L Doppman; L K Nieman; G P Chrousos; D A Papanicolaou Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 1999-10-19 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: T Mabuchi; M Shimizu; H Ino; M Yamguchi; H Terai; N Fujino; M Nagata; K Sakata; M Inoue; T Yoneda; H Mabuchi Journal: Int J Cardiol Date: 2005-07-10 Impact factor: 4.164
Authors: T Cuny; T T Mac; P Romanet; H Dufour; I Morange; F Albarel; A Lagarde; F Castinetti; T Graillon; M O North; A Barlier; T Brue Journal: Pituitary Date: 2019-10 Impact factor: 4.107
Authors: Crystal D C Kamilaris; Fabio R Faucz; Victoria C Andriessen; Naris Nilubol; Chyi-Chia Richard Lee; Mark A Ahlman; Fady Hannah-Shmouni; Constantine A Stratakis Journal: J Endocr Soc Date: 2021-01-25