Physiological aspects of aluminium tolerance associated with the long arm of chromosome 2D of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome.

Aluminum (Al) uptake in roots of wheat nearisogenic lines having differing tolerances to aluminium toxicity was studied using roots and root segments immersed in a nutrient solution at a controlled pH and temperature. At low Al concentrations a mechanism preventing root tips from accumulating too much Al was observed in an Al-tolerant isoline and a 'BH1146' euploid. This mechanism was more efficient when divalent cations of calcium or magnesium were present in the nutrient medium. Al accumulation steadily increased in root tips of the Al-sensitive wheat isoline during all 24 h of incubation, and the presence of divalent cations in the medium even increased Al concentration in root tissue. However, at higher Al concentrations in the medium the mechanism preventing the root tips of Al-tolerant genotypes from accumulating too much Al was not observed, and in effect Al concentration in root tips of both Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive isolines increased. It is concluded that genetical factors are located on the long arm of chromosome 2D from the BH1146 euploid that control the mechanism preventing root apical meristems from accumulating too much Al at low Al concentrations in the medium. However, there must be other genetical factors also located on this chromosome segment that control Al detoxication in root tips of Al-tolerant lines at higher external Al concentrations.