OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term psychological impact of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, as well as to establish risk factors which successfully discriminate patients at higher risk. METHODS: The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey (SF-36), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression (CES-D), and the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) questionnaires were obtained from 48 ICU survivors who were also interviewed and self-reported on several acknowledged risk factors. RESULTS: A high co-morbidity between depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases was observed. Both CES-D and DTS scores correlated negatively with the SF-36 mental health subscale scores; although a causative relation cannot be attributed to this finding, it indicates a potential negative impact of depression and PTSD symptoms on the patients' quality of life even at 18- to 24-month post-ICU. The most important risk factor associated with a long-term impact on quality of life, depression and PTSD was lifetime history of any psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSIONS: During ICU admissions efforts should be made towards identifying and psychologically supporting those patients with a previous history of a psychiatric disease, as they are at considerably higher risk of suffering from the long-term psychological sequelae of ICU admission.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term psychological impact of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, as well as to establish risk factors which successfully discriminate patients at higher risk. METHODS: The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey (SF-36), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression (CES-D), and the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) questionnaires were obtained from 48 ICU survivors who were also interviewed and self-reported on several acknowledged risk factors. RESULTS: A high co-morbidity between depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases was observed. Both CES-D and DTS scores correlated negatively with the SF-36 mental health subscale scores; although a causative relation cannot be attributed to this finding, it indicates a potential negative impact of depression and PTSD symptoms on the patients' quality of life even at 18- to 24-month post-ICU. The most important risk factor associated with a long-term impact on quality of life, depression and PTSD was lifetime history of any psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSIONS: During ICU admissions efforts should be made towards identifying and psychologically supporting those patients with a previous history of a psychiatric disease, as they are at considerably higher risk of suffering from the long-term psychological sequelae of ICU admission.
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