An introduction to Iranian Collembola (Hexapoda): an update to the species list.

The Collembola fauna of Iran is little known and no comprehensive examination of this group of Hexapoda is available for this region. The only notable work on Collembola was carried out by Cox (1982). Recently, studies on the Collembola fauna have started in several regions. In this paper, publications by different researchers are documented and the species that have been found in different regions of Iran until January 2013 are listed. At present, 112 species, belonging to 18 families and 57 genera are known from Iran.

Introduction

Worldwide about 8,000 species of Collembola have been described (Bellinger et al. 1996–2012). Most Collembola species have been reported from Europe or North America but little literature or taxonomic keys are available from Asian countries especially from those of the Middle East.

Iran is a country in southwest Asia with an area of 1,648,195 km2. It spans several different climatic zones and biomes, therefore the diversity of animals is high and this presumably also applies to those living in soil. According to biogeographic zonation, Iran has been considered part of the Palearctic region by most authors. However, some parts in the southern Iran, such as Khuzestan Plain and Persian Gulf coast, have been considered as Ethiopian (Cox 1982). The study of Collembola fauna of Iran is poor and most attention has been paid to crop pest species, which are few.

Farrahbakhsh (1961) was the first to provide information on Iranian Collembola. He reported Linnaeus, 1758 from wheat and alfalfa fields in Khuzestan (Southern Iran). The most comprehensive study on Collembola was carried out by Cox (1982) who travelled to Northern, West and Central provinces in Iran and collected and identified 70 species of 30 genera and five families. The scientific names of some species recorded by Cox were changed later and their modern names are used in Appendix: was changed to according to Christiansen (1957); the genus Willem, 1902 was changed to Börner, 1903 according to Rusek (2000). The species Bagnall, 1939 was changed to (Willem, 1902); Stach, 1947 was changed to Bagnall, 1939; (Kos, 1940) was changed to (Kos, 1940); the genus Axelson, 1903 was changed to Stach, 1949; was changed to (Axelson, 1903); Gisin, 1951 was changed to (Gisin, 1951); Stach, 1933 was changed to (Stach, 1933). Also Schött, 1893 which is recorded by Kahrarian et al. (2012) was changed to (Schoett, 1893). Recently, some master and doctoral students started to work on the Collembola fauna of several regions of Iran and therefore the list of species certainly will increase.

Here we provide an update to the list of Iranian Collembola published from 1961 to 2013 mainly from the northern Iran. Obviously, the fauna of large parts of Iran is unknown and there is a need for additional research on the distribution of species but also on other aspects of these animals such as ecology, biology and their role in ecological processes in different ecosystems. It is the intention of the paper to encourage young entomologists to become aware of these gaps of knowledge and direct their interest towards Collembola fauna of this country.

Methods

The updated Iranian Collembola list was provided from two resources. First, it is based on bibliographic references and unpublished records from different regions (taxa not ascribed to species are not included in the total number of species). Second, results of sampling campaigns of Collembola by authors from different regions in Iran during 2009–2012 years are included. In the latter studies, soil and litter samples were collected from various habitats in Sari, Gorgan (Northern Iran) and Kermanshah PageBreak(Western Iran). The samples were placed in dark polythene bags. Collembola were extracted from soil and leaf litter by Berlese funnels (Figure 1). Animals were collected in water and separated under a dissecting microscope. The extracted specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol. Permanent microscopic slides were prepared using Hoyer medium; for immediate identification, a mixture of lactic acid and glycerin (5:1) was used. For observing detailed structures of specimens, a 100×oil immersion objective was used. The specimens were identified by taxonomic keys such as Gisin (1960), Fjellberg (1980, 1998, and 2007), Bretfeld (1999) and Potapov (2001). Identification of species was confirmed by Collembola experts such as Dr. Mikhail Potapov (Russia), Dr. Hans-Uergen Schulz (Germany), Dr. Ulrich Burkhart (Germany) and Dr. Louis Deharveng (France).

Figure 1.

Extractor system for soil animals.

Result and discussion

The number of Iranian Collembola species recorded until March 2012 is 112, belonging to 18 families and 57 genera. A systematic list of species according to the modern classification for the class Collembola (Deharveng, 2004) and details of species collection are shown in Appendix. The distribution of the species in the different provinces is shown in Figure 2. Most recorded species belong to Isotomidae (24%) and Entomobryidae (21%) (Figure 3). Collembola taxa for which species were not identified and which were reported as sp. was not included in this checklist. In addition to the genera shown in Appendix, some specimens from the genera, PageBreakPageBreak (Bagnall, 1949), (Stach, 1963), (Linnaniemi, 1907), (Deharveng & Christian, 1984), (Absolon, 1901) (distributed in Kermanshah) by Kahrarian et al. (2012), Templeton, 1835 (distributed in Kermanshah and Golestan) by Falahati et al. (2011), Reuter, 1881, (distributed in Gilan) by Daghighi (2012) were reported for Iran fauna but the species were not identified. Some species belonging to Symphypleona were recorded by Falahati et al. (2013b) with dubious identification, for example the photo illustrated the species seems to be belonging to Arrhopalitdae. The species listed in this paper include , , , , and . Additionally Dr. Bretfeld didn’t confirm the identifications. For these reasons the species recorded in this paper are excluded from present checklist.

Figure 2.

Map of Iran showing the provinces (*) from which Collembola have been collected.

Figure 3.

Percentage of Iranian Collembola species from different families.

The results of this paper indicate that study of Collembola is at an early stage in Iran but recently interest in the group is increasing.

Checklist of Iranian Collembola species. Species marked by * were recorded for the first time from Iran.

Taxonomy: Class/Order/Family/Subfamily/Species	Reference	Distribution in Iran, Province/Location	Habitat
Class Collembola
Order Poduromorpha
Family Neanuridae
Subfamily Pseudachorutinae
Genus Anurida Laboulbne, 1865
Anurida ellipsoides Stach, 1949	Cox (1982)	E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Anurida sensillata Gisin, 1953	Cox (1982)	Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Anurida thalassophila (Bagnall, 1939)	Cox (1982)	Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871
Pseudachorutes dubius Krausbauer, 1898	Cox (1982)	Central, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Pseudachorutes parvulus Börner, 1901	Cox (1982)	Central, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Pseudachorutes subcrassus Tullberg, 1871	Cox (1982)	Central, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Subfamily Frieseinae
Genus Friesea Dalla Torre, 1895
Friesea mirabilis (Tullberg, 1871)	Cox (1982)	Central, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Subfamily Morulininae
Genus Morulina Börner, 1906
Morulina verrucosa Börner, 1903*	Daghighi (2012)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Ulmus sp.)
Subfamily Neanurinae
Genus Bilobella Caroli, 1912
Bilobella aurantiaca (Caroli, 1912)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Cryptonura Cassagnau, 1979
Cryptonura persica sp. n.*	Smolis et al. (2012)
Cryptonura maxima sp. n.*	Smolis et al. (2012)
Genus Deutonura Cassagnau, 1979
Deutonura decolorata (Gama & Gisin, 1964)	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Neanura MacGillivray, 1893
Thaumanura echinata (Kos, 1940)	Cox (1982)	unknown	Soil, Leaf litter
Neanura muscorum (Templeton, 1835)	Cox (1982), Yahyapour (2012)	Mazandaran, Gilan, Zanjan, Mazandaran/Sari	Leaf litter
Family Brachystomellidae
Genus Brachystomella Agren, 1903
Brachystomella parvula (Schäffer, 1896)	Cox (1982)	Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Brachystomella nubila Gisin, 1957	Cox (1982)	Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Family Poduridae
Genus Podura Linnaeus, 1758
Podura aquatica Linnaeus, 1758	Cox (1982)	Central	Soil, Leaf litter near water
Family Hypogastruridae
Genus Ceratophysella Börner, 1932
Ceratophysella armata (Nicolet, 1841)*	Falahati et al. (2012)	Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Charam	Soil
Ceratophysella denticulata (Bagnall, 1941)	Cox (1982), Yahyapour (2012), Ghahramaninezhad et al. (2012)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan Mazandaran/Sari, Kermanshah	Leaf litter, Soil
Ceratophysella stercoraria Stach, 1963*	Kahrarian et al. (2012), Falahati et al. (2012)	Kermanshah, Sahneh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Charam	Soil
Genus Choreutinula Paclt, 1944
Choreutinula inermis Tullberg, 1871*	Daghighi (2012)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Prunus sp., Ficus sp., Platanus sp., Ulmus sp., Alnus sp.)
Genus Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839
Hypogastrura assimilis (Krausbauer, 1898)*	Falahati et al. (2012)	Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Charam	Soil
Hypogastrura manubrialis (Tullberg, 1869)	Cox (1982), Falahati et al. (2012)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Charam	Soil, Leaf litter
Hypogastrura tullbergi (Schäffer, 1900)	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Hypogastrura vernalis (Carl, 1901)*	Falahati et al. (2012)	Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Charam	Soil
Genus Xenylla Tullberg, 1869
Xenylla humicola (Fabricius, 1780)	Cox (1982)	Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Xenylla maritima Tullberg, 1869	Cox (1982)	Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Xenylla welchi Folsom, 1916*	Yahyapour (2012), Falahati et al. (2012)	Mazandaran/Sari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Charam	Leaf litter, Soil
Genus Willemia Börner, 1901
Willemia anophthalma Börner, 1901	Cox (1982)	Central, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Willemia aspinata Stach, 1949*	Daghighi (2012)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Pinus sp.)
Family Onychiuridae
Subfamily Onychiurinae
Genus Protaphorura Absolon, 1901
Protaphorura fimata (Gisin, 1952)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Protaphorura bicampata (Gisin, 1956)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Protaphorura quadriocellata (Gisin, 1947)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Onychiuroides Bagnall, 1948
Onychiuroides granulosus (Stach, 1930)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Onychiuroides pseudogranulosus (Gisin, 1951)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Hymenaphorura Gervais, 1841
Hymenaphorura sibirica (Tullberg, 1876)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Orthonychiurus Stach, 1954
Orthonychiurus folsomi (Schäffer, 1900)*	Yahyapour (2012)	Mazandaran/Sari	Leaf litter
Orthonychiurus rectopapillatus (Stach, 1933)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Subfamily Tetrodontophorinae
Genus Tetrodontophora Reuter, 1882
Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Waga, 1842)*	Daghighi (2012)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Ulmus sp., Prunus sp., Alnus sp., Parrotia persica, Acer sp., Salix alba, Punica sp., Robinia sp., Eriobotrya sp., Populus sp.)
Family Tullbergiidae
Genus Mesaphorura Börner, 1901
Mesaphorura krausbaueri (Börner, 1901)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Metaphorura Stach, 1954
Metaphorura affinis Börner, 1902	Cox (1982), Daghighi (2012), Ghahramaninezhad et al. (2012)	Central, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Gilan/Rasht, Kermanshah	Soil (Quercus sp., Platanus sp., Alnus sp, Punica sp., Ulmus sp., Pinus sp., Cupressus sp., Robinia sp., Eriobotrya sp., Zelkova sp.) litter
Genus Paratullbergia Womersley, 1930
Paratullbergia callipygos (Börner, 1902)	Cox (1982)	Central, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Family Odontellidae
Genus Axenyllodes Stach, 1949
Axenyllodes bayeri Kseneman, 1935	Cox (1982)	Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Superodontella Stach, 1949
Superodontella lamellifera (Axelson, 1903)	Cox (1982)	E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Order Entomobryomorpha
Family Oncopoduridae
Genus Oncopodura Carl & Lebedinsky, 1905
Oncopodura ambigua Christiansen, 1957	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran, Gilan	Soil, leaf litter
Oncopodura hamata Carl & Lebedinsky, 1905*	Daghighi (2012)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Ulmus sp., Prunus sp.)
Family Tomoceridae
Genus Tomocerus Nocolet, 1842
Tomocerus minor (Lubbock, 1862)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Tomocerus vulgaris (Tullberg, 1871)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Family Isotomidae
Genus Anurophorus Nocolet, 1842
Anurophorus coiffaiti Cassagnau & Delamare, 1955*	Falahati (2012), Falahati et al. (2013a), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Golestan/Gorgan, Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Ulmus sp., Punica sp.)
Genus Ballistura Börner, 1906
Ballistura schoetti (Dalla Torre, 1895)	Cox (1982)	Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Hemisotoma Bagnall, 1949
Hemisotoma thermophila (Axelson, 1900)	Cox (1982), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Ulmus sp., Ficus sp., Ziziphus sp., Populus sp.) Leaf litter
Genus Desoria Nicolet, 1841
Desoria tigrina Nicolet, 1842*	Kahrarian et al. (2012)	Kermanshah	Soil
Desoria olivacea (Tullberg, 1871)	Cox (1982)	E. Azarbaijan	Soil, litter
Genus Folsomia Willem, 1902
Folsomia binoculata (Wahlgren 1899)*	Ghahramaninezhad et al. (2012)	Kermanshah	Soil
Folsomia brevifurca (Bagnall, 1949)	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran	Soil, Leaf litter
Folsomia candida (Willem, 1902)	Cox (1982), Yahyapour (2012)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Mazandaran/Sari	Soil, Leaf litter
Folsomia fimetaria (Linnaeus, 1758)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Folsomia penicula Bagnall, 1939*	Cox (1982), Falahati (2012), Falahati et al. (2013a), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b), Falahati et al. (2011)	Central, Mazandaran, E. Azarbaijan, Golestan/Gorgan, Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Quercus sp.)
Folsomia quadrioculata (Tullberg, 1871)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Folsomia similis Bagnall, 1939*	Moravvej et al. (2007), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Tehran, Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Ficus sp., Pinus sp.)
Genus Folsomides Stach, 1922
Folsomides angularis Axelson, 1905*	Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Prunus sp.)
Folsomides marchicus (Frenzel, 1941)*	Kahrarian et al. (2012)	Kermanshah/Sahneh/Harsin	Soil
Folsomides parvulus Stach, 1922	Cox (1982), Yahyapour (2012), Kahrarian et al. (2012), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Mazandaran/Sari, Kermanshah/Sahneh/Harsin, Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Morus sp.), Leaf litter
Genus Isotoma Bourlet, 1839
Isotoma viridis Bourlet, 1839	Cox (1982), Yahyapour (2012)	Central, Mazandaran, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Mazandaran/Sari	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Isotomiella Bagnall, 1939
Isotomiella minor (Schäffer, 1896)	Cox (1982), Moravvej et al. (2007), Yahyapour (2012), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b), Ghahramaninezhad et al. (2012)	Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Tehran, Mazandaran/Sari, Gilan/Rasht, Kermanshah	Soil (Quercus sp., Prunus sp., Pinus sp.) Leaf litter
Genus Isotomina Börner, 1903
Hemisotoma pontica Stach, 1947	Cox (1982), Moravvej et al. (2007), Kahrarian et al. (2012), Yahyapour (2012)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Tehran, Kermanshah, Mazandaran/Sari	Soil, Leaf litter
Hemisotoma orientalis Stach, 1947	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Isotomurus Börner, 1903
Isotomurus maculatus (Schäffer, 1869)*	Falahati (2012), Falahati et al. (2013a), Falahati et al. (2011)	Golestan/Gorgan	Soil
Isotomurus palustris (Muller, 1776)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Isotomurus punctiferus Yosii, 1963*	Falahati (2012), Falahati et al. (2013a), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Golestan/Gorgan, Gilan/Rasht	Soil
Genus Parisotoma Bagnall, 1940
Parisotoma notabilis (Schäffer, 1896)	Cox (1982), Moravvej et al. (2007), Kahrarian et al. (2012), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan, Tehran, Kermanshah, Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Platanus sp., Ulmus sp., Cupressus sp.) Leaf litter
Genus Proisotoma Börner, 1901
Proisotoma minima Absolon, 1901*	Yahyapour (2012)	Mazandaran/Sari	Leaf litter
Proisotoma minuta (Tullberg, 1871)	Cox (1982), Nematollahi et al. (2009)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter, African violet
Proisotoma subminuta Denis, 1931*	Moravvej et al. (2007), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Tehran, Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Ulmus sp.)
Proisotoma tenella Reuter, 1895*	Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013a), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Melia sp.)
Family Entomobryidae
Subfamily Entomobryinae
Genus Entomobrya Rondani, 1861
Entomobrya atrocincta Schött, 1986*	Yahyapour (2012), Yahyapour et al. (2011), Kahrarian et al. (2012)	Mazandaran/Sari, Kermanshah/Harsin	Leaf litter
Entomobrya corticalis (Nicolet, 1841)	Cox (1982)	Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Entomobrya dollfusi Denis, 1924*	Yahyapour (2012)	Mazandaran/Sari	Leaf litter
Entomobrya lindbergi Stach, 1960*	Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013b), Moravvej (2003)	Gilan/Rasht, Tehran	Soil (Alnus sp. and Ulmus sp.)
Entomobrya lanuginosa (Nicolet, 1841)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Entomobrya handschini Stach, 1922*	Moravvej (2003)	Tehran	Soil
Entomobrya multifasciata Tullberg, 1871*	Yahyapour (2012), Yahyapour et al. (2011)	Mazandaran/ Sari	Leaf litter
Entomobrya unostrigata Stach, 1930*	Moravvej (2003)	Tehran	Soil
Genus Mesentotoma Salmon, 1942
Mesentotoma subdollfusi Jacquemart, 1974*	Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Alnus sp., Ulmus sp., Parrotia persica, Acer sp. and Salix alba)
Genus Sinella Brook, 1882
Sinella curviseta Brook, 1882*	Moravvej (2003)	Tehran	Soil
Sinella tenebricosa Folsom, 1902*	Nematollahi et al. (2009)	Isfahan/Isfahan	vegetables and cucumber greenhouses
Subfamily Lepidocyrtinae
Genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839
Lepidocyrtus cyaneus Tullberg, 1871	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus (Gmelin, 1788)	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Lepidocyrtus ruber Schött, 1902	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Pseudosinella Schaefer, 1897
Pseudosinella alba (Packard, 1873)*	Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Quercus sp., Ulmus sp., Platanus sp., Alnus sp., Parrotia persica, Acer sp. Salix alba, Punica sp.)
Pseudosinella duodecimpunctata Denis, 1931	Cox (1982)	E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Pseudosinella imparipunctata Gisin, 1953	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran, Gilan, Zanjan	Soil, Leaf litter
Pseudosinella octopunctata Böner, 1901	Cox (1982), Yahyapour et al. (2011), Yahyapour (2012)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, W. Azarbaijan, Zanjan, Mazandaran/Sari	Soil, Leaf litter
Pseudosinella sexoculata (Schött, 1902)*	Ghahramaninezhad et al. (2012)	Kermanshah	Soil
Subfamily Seirinae
Genus Seira Lubbock, 1870
Seira domestica Nicolet, 1842*	Yahyapour (2012), Yahyapour et al. (2011), Kahrarian et al. (2011), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Mazandaran/Sari, Kermanshah/Harsin, Gilan/Rasht	Leaf litter, Soil (Magnolia sp., Ficus sp., Ulmus sp., Prunus sp.)
Subfamily Willowsiinae
Genus Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917
Willowsia nigromaculata Lubbock, 1873*	Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Platanus sp., Prunus sp., Ulmus sp., Ficus sp., Alnus sp., Quercus sp.)
Subfamily Orchesellinae
Genus Heteromurus Wankel, 1860
Heteromurus major (Moniez, 1889)	Cox (1982), Yahyapour (2012), Yahyapour et al. (2011), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Central, Mazandaran, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Mazandaran/Sari, Gilan/Rasht	Soil, Leaf litter
Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835)	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Heteromurus sexoculatus Brown, 1926	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran	Soil, Leaf litter
Family Paronellidae
Genus Cyphoderus Nicolet, 182
Cyphoderus albinus Nicolet, 1842*	Daghighi (2012)	Gilan/Rasht	Soil (Platanus sp.)
Order Neelipleona
Family Neelidae
Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896
Neelus murinus Folsom, 1896	Cox (1982)	Central, Mazandaran, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Order Symphypleona
Family Sminthurididae
Genus Sphaeridia Linnaniemi, 1912
Sphaeridia pumilis (Krausbauer, 1898)	Cox (1982), Kahrarian et al. (2012)	Central, Gilan Kermanshah/Sahneh/Harsin	Soil, Leaf litter
Genus Sminthurides Börner, 1900
Sminthurides malmgreni (Tullberg, 1876)	Cox (1982)	Central, Gilan, E. Azarbaijan	Soil, Leaf litter
Family Katiannidae
Genus Sminthurinus Börner, 1901
Sminthurinus aureus Lubbock, 1862*	Yahyapour (2012), Daghighi (2012), Daghighi et al. (2013b)	Mazandaran/Sari, Gilan/Rasht	Leaf litter Soil (Ulmus sp., Prunus sp., Acer sp., Cupressus sp., Robinia sp., Populus sp.)
Sminthurinus bimaculatus (Axelson, 1902)	Cox (1982)	Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Sminthurinus elegans Fitch, 1863	Cox (1982), Yahyapour(2012), Falahati (2012), Ghahramaninezhad et al. (2012)	unknown, Mazandaran/Sari, Golestan/Gorgan, Kermanshah	Soil, Leaf litter, Leaf litter, Leaf litter
Family Arrhopalitidae
Genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906
Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg, 1871)	Cox (1982), Ghahramaninezhad et al. (2012)	Gilan, E. Azarbaijan, Kermanshah	Soil, Leaf litter
Family Sminthuridae
Genus Sminthurus Latreille, 1804
Sminthurus viridis Linnaeus, 1758*	Farrahbakhsh (1961)	Khuzestan	wheat and alfalfa fields
Genus Caprainea Dallai 1970
Caprainea marginata (Schott, 1893)*	Kahrarian et al. (2012)	Kermanshah/Sahneh/Harsin	Soil
Family Dicyrtomidae
Genus Dicyrtomina Börner, 1903
Dicyrtomina ornata Nicolet, 1842*	Yahyapour (2012)	Mazandaran/Sari	Leaf litter
Genus Dicyrtoma Bourlet, 1841
Dicyrtoma minuta (Fabricius, 1783)	Cox (1982)	Mazandaran, Gilan	Soil, Leaf litter
Dicyrtoma fusca Lubbock, 1873*	Yahyapour (2012)	Mazandaran/Sari	Leaf litter