BACKGROUND: Head injury is a hypothesised risk factor for Parkinson's disease, but there is a knowledge gap concerning the potential effect of injury circumstances (eg, work-related injuries) on risk. The objective of this study is to address this gap while addressing issues of recall bias and potential for reverse causation by prediagnosis symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a population based case-control study of Parkinson's disease in British Columbia, Canada (403 cases, 405 controls). Interviews queried injury history; whether injuries occurred at work, in a motor vehicle accident or during sports. Participants were also asked to report their suspicions about the causes of Parkinson's disease to provide an indicator of potential recall bias. Associations were estimated with logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex and smoking history. RESULTS: Associations were strongest for injuries involving concussion (OR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.33) and unconsciousness (OR: 2.64, 95% CI 1.39 to 5.03). Effects remained for injuries that occurred long before diagnosis and after adjustment for suspicion of head injury as a cause of Parkinson's disease. Injuries that occurred at work were consistently associated with stronger ORs, although small numbers meant that estimates were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the body of literature suggesting a link between head injury and Parkinson's disease and indicates further scrutiny of workplace incurred head injuries is warranted.
BACKGROUND:Head injury is a hypothesised risk factor for Parkinson's disease, but there is a knowledge gap concerning the potential effect of injury circumstances (eg, work-related injuries) on risk. The objective of this study is to address this gap while addressing issues of recall bias and potential for reverse causation by prediagnosis symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a population based case-control study of Parkinson's disease in British Columbia, Canada (403 cases, 405 controls). Interviews queried injury history; whether injuries occurred at work, in a motor vehicle accident or during sports. Participants were also asked to report their suspicions about the causes of Parkinson's disease to provide an indicator of potential recall bias. Associations were estimated with logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex and smoking history. RESULTS: Associations were strongest for injuries involving concussion (OR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.33) and unconsciousness (OR: 2.64, 95% CI 1.39 to 5.03). Effects remained for injuries that occurred long before diagnosis and after adjustment for suspicion of head injury as a cause of Parkinson's disease. Injuries that occurred at work were consistently associated with stronger ORs, although small numbers meant that estimates were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the body of literature suggesting a link between head injury and Parkinson's disease and indicates further scrutiny of workplace incurred head injuries is warranted.
Authors: Kathryn M Taylor; Marie-Helene Saint-Hilaire; Lewis Sudarsky; David K Simon; Bonnie Hersh; David Sparrow; Howard Hu; Marc G Weisskopf Journal: Parkinsonism Relat Disord Date: 2015-12-19 Impact factor: 4.891
Authors: Valentina Gallo; Damien McElvenny; Catherine Hobbs; Donna Davoren; Huw Morris; Sebastian Crutch; Henrik Zetterberg; Nick C Fox; Simon Kemp; Matthew Cross; Nigel K Arden; Madeleine A M Davies; Andrea Malaspina; Neil Pearce Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2017-12-26 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Joerg R Leheste; Kathryn E Ruvolo; Joanna E Chrostowski; Kristin Rivera; Christopher Husko; Alyssa Miceli; Martin K Selig; Holger Brüggemann; German Torres Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2017-03-14 Impact factor: 5.293
Authors: Eric N Anderson; Andrés A Morera; Sukhleen Kour; Jonathan D Cherry; Nandini Ramesh; Amanda Gleixner; Jacob C Schwartz; Christopher Ebmeier; William Old; Christopher J Donnelly; Jeffrey P Cheng; Anthony E Kline; Julia Kofler; Thor D Stein; Udai Bhan Pandey Journal: Elife Date: 2021-05-26 Impact factor: 8.140