Poor savouring and low self-efficacy are predictors of anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Previous research suggests that negative schizotypes may be impaired in their ability to savour pleasant events (Applegate et al., 2009) and that schizophrenia patients believe that everyday tasks are excessively difficult to complete so that they attempt these tasks less frequently (MacCarthy et al., 1986; Bentall et al., 2010). It is possible that these beliefs and behaviours underpin negative symptoms such as anhedonia, avolition, apathy and associality. In the present study, 50 schizophrenia patients and 100 matched controls (half employed and half unemployed) completed self-report measures of self-efficacy and savouring. Patients reported savouring past, present and future events less than employed and unemployed groups, irrespective of mood state and I.Q. Patients also rated everyday tasks as more difficult to master. Inpatients compared to outpatients rated tasks more difficult but less important although they did not differ on the savouring measure. Abnormal judgements of difficulty and the reduced propensity to mentally rehearse past or future positive experiences to up-regulate mood could explain negative symptom patients' lack of engagement in everyday activities and eventual social withdrawal. These findings suggest the need to develop cognitive-behavioural savouring and self-efficacy interventions for patients experiencing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.