Survey of oral chemotherapy safety and adherence practices of hospitals in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Oral chemotherapy is increasingly used for cancer therapy but, without proper practices, creates safety and adherence issues. However, little is known on safety and adherence practices in wide clinical settings.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the implementation level of safety and adherence practices in oral chemotherapy in Spanish hospitals.
SETTING: All Pharmacy services from prescription, dispensation, patient education and monitoring hospitals that prescribe oral chemotherapy of Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Level of safety practices regarding oral chemotherapy prescription, dispensation, patient education and adherence.
METHOD: An 11 multiple-choice-item questionnaire made in consensus with GEDEFO (Spanish Group of Oncology Pharmacists) was sent to all pharmacy services from hospitals that prescribe oral chemotherapy. This questionnaire comprised prescription, dispensation, education and monitoring. We arbitrarily defined three levels of practices: no sufficient specific practices were reported (we termed this as 'level I'); performance of an initial visit with a pharmacist providing written patient educational materials and monitoring adherence (termed as 'level II'); and level II requirements plus electronic chemotherapy ordering system and extra safety practices (termed as 'level III').
RESULTS: Of the 169 targeted health-care settings, 86 (50.9 %) responded to the survey. The majority of responding hospitals were public, general, and teaching hospitals with more than 200 beds. Main discrepancies were in electronic prescription of oral chemotherapy and monitoring adherence. There were 32 hospitals (37.2 %) with level I of safety and adherence practices, 38 hospitals (44.2 %) accomplished level II, 16 (18.6 %) hospitals reached level III. No hospital variables were found to be correlated with each level of safety.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of responding hospitals have safety and adherences practices for oral chemotherapy. However, the level of these practices varies. There are significant opportunities for improvement, particularly with regard to electronic prescription of oral chemotherapy and monitoring adherence.