Pre- and postnatal development of differentiated functions in rat intestinal epithelial cells.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies to intestinal cell surface components has been used to compare the expression of differentiation-specific antigens in the epithelial cells of fetal, suckling, and adult rat small intestine. Indirect immunofluorescence staining, and immunopurification of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins, followed by single- and two-dimensional slab gel electrophoretic analysis, have demonstrated that fetal intestinal cells (at day 21 of gestation) express most differentiation-specific markers typical of adult absorptive villus cells. A marked heterogeneity in antigen expression was observed among different villus cell populations in suckling rat intestine, and three cell surface components were identified which are exclusively present during this period of intestinal development. Striking changes in the patterns of antigen expression in crypt and villus cells, and variations in the apparent isoelectric points for most luminal membrane components, were associated with the maturation of the intestinal mucosa at weaning. These changes could not be prematurely induced by cortisone injection in newborn rats, suggesting that factors other than glucocorticoids are responsible for the postnatal development of the intestinal epithelium. These results suggest that basic differences in biological properties and regulatory mechanisms exist among intestinal epithelial cells at different stages of pre- and postnatal maturation.