Cellular and urinary microRNA alterations in NZB/W mice with hydroxychloroquine or prednisone treatment.

Determining alterations to disease-associated miRNAs induced by specific therapeutics may allow the use of tailored therapy in lupus. We determined miRNA alterations in female NZB/W lupus mice treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or prednisone (PRED) for 12 weeks beginning at 24 weeks-of-age. B cell, PBMC, and urinary miR-let-7a expression were decreased with HCQ or PRED treatment. HCQ or PRED treatment reduced miR-21 expression in mesangial cells, T cells, pDCs, PBMCs, and the urine. MiR-146a expression was reduced in mesangial cells with HCQ treatment and in pDCs with HCQ or PRED treatment. PRED treatment increased miR-155 expression in mesangial, B, and T cells and PBMCs yet decreased miR-155 expression in pDCs and the urine. In vitro studies confirmed that HCQ or PRED's anti-inflammatory actions are dependent on their ability to inhibit miRNA expression. Our studies indicate that lupus therapeutics may work, in part, by altering the expression of disease-associated miRNAs.