Grace B Campbell1, Ellen M Whyte2, Susan M Sereika3, Mary Amanda Dew4, Charles F Reynolds5, Meryl A Butters6. 1. Department of Acute/Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 3. Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 4. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 5. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 6. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: buttersma@upmc.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Executive Interview (EXIT) and Quick EXIT in community dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a longitudinal study of cognitive function in late-life depression. SETTING: A university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults (N = 422), aged 59 years and older, with current or recent history of non-psychotic unipolar major depression, and never-depressed comparison subjects. MEASUREMENTS: The EXIT and other measures of executive control functions (ECF), non-executive cognitive domains, and global cognitive function. We calculated Quick EXIT scores from the EXIT. RESULTS: The EXIT demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.978, F(7, 21) = 174.85, p <0.001), and both the EXIT and Quick EXIT demonstrated moderate internal consistency (α = 0.66 and α = 0.68, respectively). Both tests also demonstrated acceptable convergent validity against several standard tests of ECF (rs -0.399 to 0.322, except for the Trail Making Test B, where rs was 0.057 to 0.063) as well as against measures of multifactorial cognitive function (rs -0.432 to 0.491). Both tests, however, demonstrated inconsistent discriminant validity against a variety of standard non-ECF tests (rs -0.013 to 0.376). CONCLUSIONS: Both the EXIT and the Quick EXIT have adequate reliability and appear to require ECF in this population. However, both the EXIT and the Quick EXIT also reflect non-ECF domains. The EXIT and Quick EXIT should be considered to be measures of global cognitive function rather than pure ECF measures. Given similar reliability and validity, the Quick EXIT is recommended clinically as it is briefer and less burdensome than the full EXIT.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Executive Interview (EXIT) and Quick EXIT in community dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a longitudinal study of cognitive function in late-life depression. SETTING: A university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults (N = 422), aged 59 years and older, with current or recent history of non-psychotic unipolar major depression, and never-depressed comparison subjects. MEASUREMENTS: The EXIT and other measures of executive control functions (ECF), non-executive cognitive domains, and global cognitive function. We calculated Quick EXIT scores from the EXIT. RESULTS: The EXIT demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.978, F(7, 21) = 174.85, p <0.001), and both the EXIT and Quick EXIT demonstrated moderate internal consistency (α = 0.66 and α = 0.68, respectively). Both tests also demonstrated acceptable convergent validity against several standard tests of ECF (rs -0.399 to 0.322, except for the Trail Making Test B, where rs was 0.057 to 0.063) as well as against measures of multifactorial cognitive function (rs -0.432 to 0.491). Both tests, however, demonstrated inconsistent discriminant validity against a variety of standard non-ECF tests (rs -0.013 to 0.376). CONCLUSIONS: Both the EXIT and the Quick EXIT have adequate reliability and appear to require ECF in this population. However, both the EXIT and the Quick EXIT also reflect non-ECF domains. The EXIT and Quick EXIT should be considered to be measures of global cognitive function rather than pure ECF measures. Given similar reliability and validity, the Quick EXIT is recommended clinically as it is briefer and less burdensome than the full EXIT.
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