Indirect effects of adenosine triphosphate on chloride secretion in mammalian colon.

The effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on short-circuit current (SCC) in rat colonic epithelium are described. ATP caused a large increase in inward-going current and was considerably more potent in this respect than ADP, AMP or adenosine. The response to ATP was sided, there being only minor effects when the nucleotide was added to the apical side of the tissue. The effects of ATP were not modified by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, eliminating eicosanoid formation as a mechanism. The effects of ATP were potentiated by theophylline and not blocked by alpha, beta-methylene ATP. The data are consistent with the effect being dependent on the activation of adenylate cyclase, but it has not been possible to classify the receptors into P1 or P2 categories. Using inhibitors of NaCl cotransport (piretanide), carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide), and chloride channels (diphenylamine-2-carboxylate), it was concluded that the SCC response to ATP was due to chloride secretion with, perhaps, a minor contribution from bicarbonate. Flux measurements with 22Na and 36Cl confirmed this view, there being approximate equivalence of chloride secretion with the SCC responses. Additionally, flux measurements revealed an inhibition of electroneutral NaCl absorption in response to ATP. The effects of ATP were antagonized by tetrodotoxin (TTX), greater than 50% inhibition being achieved with 10 nM TTX. This result suggests that ATP does not act directly on receptors in the epithelial cells but rather on neuronal elements in the lamina propria. It will be necessary to re-examine other secretagogues for indirect effects of this kind and to search for the final effector neurotransmitter which evokes secretion.