Ping Song1, Yanhong Zhou, Kathleen A Coughlan, Xiaoyan Dai, Hairong Xu, Benoit Viollet, Ming-Hui Zou. 1. From the Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (P.S., Y.Z., K.A.C., X.D., H.X., M.-H.Z.); College of Medicine, Hubei, Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China (Y.Z.); College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China (H.X.); Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France (B.V.); and INSERM, U1016, Paris, France (B.V.).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical events in the progression of several vasculopathologies. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to play a pivotal role in cellular proliferation and migration. However, the roles of AMPK in VSMC migration and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS: VSMC migration and the neointima formation were studied in cultured mouse VSMCs or in carotid artery ligation of wild-type C57BL/6J mice, AMPKα2, AMPKα1 homozygous-deficient (AMPKα2(-/-), AMPKα1(-/-)) mice. Deletion of AMPKα2, but not AMPKα1, led to increased phosphorylation of both IкB kinase α and its downstream target nuclear factor кB2/p100 at serine 866/870. Consequently, phosphor-p100 at S866/870 bound with E3 ubiquitin ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein resulting in the proteolytic processing of the p100 precursor and nuclear factor кB2/p52 induction. Interestingly, acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 mediated by histone deacetylase-3 reduction was enhanced significantly in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs compared with wild-type or AMPKα1(-/-) VSMCs. Moreover, the augmented association of p52/acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 with the promoter of ubiquitin E3 ligase, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, was shown in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, AMPKα2 deletion caused S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-mediated E-cadherin downregulation. S-Phase kinase-associated protein 2 siRNA abolished the increased migration of AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs via E-cadherin upregulation. Finally, neointima formation after ligation of carotid artery was increased in AMPKα2(-/-), but not AMPKα1(-/-), mice. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that deletion of AMPKα2 causes aberrant VSMC migration with accelerated neointima formation in vivo.
OBJECTIVE: Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical events in the progression of several vasculopathologies. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to play a pivotal role in cellular proliferation and migration. However, the roles of AMPK in VSMC migration and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS: VSMC migration and the neointima formation were studied in cultured mouseVSMCs or in carotid artery ligation of wild-type C57BL/6J mice, AMPKα2, AMPKα1 homozygous-deficient (AMPKα2(-/-), AMPKα1(-/-)) mice. Deletion of AMPKα2, but not AMPKα1, led to increased phosphorylation of both IкB kinase α and its downstream target nuclear factor кB2/p100 at serine 866/870. Consequently, phosphor-p100 at S866/870 bound with E3 ubiquitin ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein resulting in the proteolytic processing of the p100 precursor and nuclear factor кB2/p52 induction. Interestingly, acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 mediated by histone deacetylase-3 reduction was enhanced significantly in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs compared with wild-type or AMPKα1(-/-) VSMCs. Moreover, the augmented association of p52/acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 with the promoter of ubiquitin E3 ligase, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, was shown in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, AMPKα2 deletion caused S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-mediated E-cadherin downregulation. S-Phase kinase-associated protein 2 siRNA abolished the increased migration of AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs via E-cadherin upregulation. Finally, neointima formation after ligation of carotid artery was increased in AMPKα2(-/-), but not AMPKα1(-/-), mice. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that deletion of AMPKα2 causes aberrant VSMC migration with accelerated neointima formation in vivo.
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