Literature DB >> 24113002

[Progressive patterns of gifitinib treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer after obtained resistance].

Bin Wang1, Xin Zhang, Lin Lin, Xuezhi Hao, Xiangru Zhang, Junling Li, Yuankai Shi.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Clinical observation was conducted on the resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) gefitinib (Iressa) therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
METHODS: Ninety-three NSCLC patients in our hospital, showing effective or stable condition after 6-month previous gefitinib therapy, were included in this investigation. Among the patients, 94.6% of them were suffering from adenocarcinoma. The percentage of female is 79.6%; the percentage of non-smoking is 80.6%. During the therapy period, follow-up was preformed every 2 months.
RESULTS: Among the 93 patients, median therapy time was 16 months (range: 8 to 70 months), and 21.5% (20/93) of them had received therapy for more than 2 years, while 8.6% (8/93) had received that for more than 3 years. The progression included 80% (72/90) for intrapleural progression, 38.9% (35/90) for primary tumor plus recurrence after sugary especially, 51.1% (46/90) for intrapulmonary metastasis, 25.6% (23/90) for pleural metastasis, 30% (30/90) for intracranial progression and 15.6% (14/90) for intraperitoneal progression.
CONCLUSION: Resistance to EGFR-TKI shows diversification in clinical observation, therefore, close clinical follow-up is necessary for early attention and timely treatment.

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Mesh:

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Year:  2013        PMID: 24113002      PMCID: PMC6015168          DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.10.02

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi        ISSN: 1009-3419


吉非替尼是小分子表皮生长因子络氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor, EGFR-TKI)之一,目前广泛应用于晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗。对于有EGFR敏感性突变(外显子19缺失突变及外显子21点突变)的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,EGFR-TKI的有效率及无进展生存时间优于化疗。TKI类的药物在服用一段时间后都会出现耐药的发生,临床上表现为疾病的进展,包括原有病灶的增大及新病灶的出现。对于TKI耐药后的治疗,临床正在探索中。使用TKI后根据耐药进展的不同表现推荐相应的后续处理,例如对于孤立的颅内转移及骨转移,推荐继续原方案治疗的同时行局部治疗。这些治疗选择的不同符合肺癌的个体化治疗原则。现总结分析作者于2007年1月-2012年7月间经治的服用易瑞沙后临床获益并服药时间超过6个月的93例患者出现耐药后的临床表现。

资料与方法

一般资料

全组93例患者中男性19例、女性74例;年龄33岁-79岁,中位年龄57岁,30岁-39岁5例,40岁-49岁18例,50岁-59岁32例,60岁-69岁24例,70及70岁以上14例;患者均经病理或细胞学证实为晚期非小细胞肺癌,其中腺癌88例,腺鳞癌1例,非小细胞肺癌(未分型)4例;既往吸烟患者13例,不吸烟者75例,记录不详5例。

治疗方法

吉非替尼250 mg口服,每日1次,服用6个月,根据影像学复查病灶评价有效或稳定,申请易瑞沙(吉非替尼)慈善赠药,获批后入组,每2个月进行影像学复查,疾病进展医生建议中止治疗或中止取药后出组。

定义

用药时间:开始口服吉非替尼-出组时间;疾病进展部位:根据影像学检查结果;新发转移部位:口服吉非替尼治疗之前影像学检查、临床记录没有出现转移的部位。

统计学方法

采用统计学软件SPSS 17.0统计。

结果

用药时间

因慈善供药项目入组条件,本组患者用药时间均 > 6个月。全组93例患者,用药时间8个月-70个月,中位用药时间16个月,8个-12个月29例,占31.2%(29/93);13个-24个月44例,占47.3%(44/93);25个月-36个月12例,占12.9%(12/93);37个月-48个月6例,占6.5%(6/93);48个月以上2例,分别为51个月、70个月,占2.2%(2/93)(图 1)。
1

用药时间分布图

Time distribution of medication

用药时间分布图 Time distribution of medication

出组情况

全组93例患者,2例由于脑梗(电话随诊)中止治疗出组,分别服药11个月、13个月,其中服药11个月患者出组前5个月脑核磁显示:点状强化灶警惕转移;服药13个月患者在吉非替尼疗前有脑转移经过放疗,颅内病灶稳定。另外1例患者用药51个月,自行中止继续用药。余90例患者均由于疾病进展,医生建议中止治疗出组。

疾病进展部位

90例患者出现疾病进展,胸腔内复发转移进展72例,占80%(72/90),包括原发灶进展33例,或术后断端的局部复发进展2例,或肺内转移进展46例,或胸膜转移进展23例,或肺门、纵隔、锁骨上淋巴结转移进展17例,或胸腔、心包积液进展15例;腹腔内转移进展14例,占15.6%(14/90),包括肝转移进展3例,或肾上腺转移进展4例,或腹膜后、腹腔淋巴结转移进展8例,或腹腔积液进展1例;颅内转移进展27例,占30%(27/90),包括疗前无颅内转移新发颅内转移16例,疗前既有颅内转移经过治疗复又出现进展或其他转移灶11例;骨转移进展9例,占10%(9/90);远处浅表淋巴结转移进展3例,占3.3%(3/90),包括腋下淋巴结转移2例,腹股沟淋巴结转移1例(表 1)。
1

吉非替尼耐药后进展部位与用药时间

Progress site and time of medication after resistance to gefitinib

Progress siten Percentage % (n/90) Median medication time (months)
*The number is less than five, which ignore median medication time and just list the actual medication time. LNM: lymph node metastasis.
Intrathoracic lesions progress728016 (9-70)
      Primary lesion3336.713 (9-30)
      Postoperative broken ends22.210, 25*
      Intrapulmonary metastases4651.117 (9-43)
      Pleural metastasis2325.617 (9-70)
      Mediastinal, supraclavicular, and hilar LNM1718.913 (9-35)
      Pleural and pericardial effusions1516.713 (9-28)
Intra-abdominal metastasis1415.613.5 (9-38)
      Hepatic metastases33.314, 21, 26*
      Adrenal metastasis44.411, 13, 17, 28*
      Retroperitoneal abdomen LNM88.912.5 (9-38)
      Hydrops abdominis11.113*
Intracranial metastatic273017 (8-40)
Bone metastasis91014 (8-70)
Superficial progress of LNM44.49, 11, 13, 25*
      Oxter LNM33.311, 13, 25*
      Groin LNM11.19*
吉非替尼耐药后进展部位与用药时间 Progress site and time of medication after resistance to gefitinib

讨论

吉非替尼作为EGFR-TKI之一治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌,10年间EGFR-TKI从临床研究中有效患者表现的临床特征[,到探索临床特征背后的分子学机制[,经过印证,突变检测作为临床规范;通过临床的耐药表现,探索EGFR-TKI有效患者耐药的分子学机制[,同时,临床也将化疗与EGFR-TKI序贯[或联合或针对其他靶点的药物,意图控制肿瘤的不同克隆。肿瘤的个体化治疗是方向。临床医生的细致观察,是提出问题和假说的基础,基础研究回答问题挖掘临床表现背后深层次的原因,并需要通过临床来验证。 全组93例患者,女性占79.6%(74/93),明确病理类型腺癌占94.6%(88/93),病理无单纯的肺鳞癌,记录明确非吸烟者80.6%(75/93),符合EGFR-TKI治疗敏感人群的临床特征[。 吉非替尼治疗6个月稳定或有效的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者其后的随访中,中位用药时间16个月,用药时间超过2年占21.5%(20/93),用药不超过2年(包括2年)占78.5%(73/93);超过3年8.6%(8/93),不超过占91.4%(85/93)。目前对于吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的长期随访是每2个月进行影像学检查,参考上述数据,可考虑2年内的随访,依照原复查节奏,超过2年,尤其是3年后的随访可调整至3个月进行影像学的复查。 本组数据显示,吉非替尼耐药,胸腔内进展占80%(72/90),尤以原发灶+术后断端复发进展占38.9%(35/90),肺内转移占51.1%(46/90),胸膜转移占25.6%(23/90);颅内进展30%(30/90);腹腔内进展15.6%(14/90)。较高的中枢神经系统转移与其他研究类似[。随访过程中,参考上述数据,除根据已有病灶进行复查外,影像学检查常规可行:胸CT、颈部+腹部B-US,既往无颅内病灶者每6个月-12个月复查脑核磁。 综上所述,吉非替尼长期随访中可考虑2年内每2个月影像学复查,2年-3年后可每3个月影像学复查,复查包括胸CT、颈部+腹部B-US,6个月-12个月复查脑核磁。
  10 in total

1.  [The Mechanism of Resistance to EGFR-TKI in NSCLC and Exploration to Overcome the Resistance.].

Authors:  Jun Pei; Baohui Han
Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi       Date:  2009-12-20

2.  EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib.

Authors:  Susumu Kobayashi; Titus J Boggon; Tajhal Dayaram; Pasi A Jänne; Olivier Kocher; Matthew Meyerson; Bruce E Johnson; Michael J Eck; Daniel G Tenen; Balázs Halmos
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2005-02-24       Impact factor: 91.245

3.  Gefitinib plus best supportive care in previously treated patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre study (Iressa Survival Evaluation in Lung Cancer).

Authors:  Nick Thatcher; Alex Chang; Purvish Parikh; José Rodrigues Pereira; Tudor Ciuleanu; Joachim von Pawel; Sumitra Thongprasert; Eng Huat Tan; Kristine Pemberton; Venice Archer; Kevin Carroll
Journal:  Lancet       Date:  2005 Oct 29-Nov 4       Impact factor: 79.321

4.  High incidence of disease recurrence in the brain and leptomeninges in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma after response to gefitinib.

Authors:  Antonio M P Omuro; Mark G Kris; Vincent A Miller; Enrico Franceschi; Neelam Shah; Daniel T Milton; Lauren E Abrey
Journal:  Cancer       Date:  2005-06-01       Impact factor: 6.860

5.  EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy.

Authors:  J Guillermo Paez; Pasi A Jänne; Jeffrey C Lee; Sean Tracy; Heidi Greulich; Stacey Gabriel; Paula Herman; Frederic J Kaye; Neal Lindeman; Titus J Boggon; Katsuhiko Naoki; Hidefumi Sasaki; Yoshitaka Fujii; Michael J Eck; William R Sellers; Bruce E Johnson; Matthew Meyerson
Journal:  Science       Date:  2004-04-29       Impact factor: 47.728

6.  Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib.

Authors:  Thomas J Lynch; Daphne W Bell; Raffaella Sordella; Sarada Gurubhagavatula; Ross A Okimoto; Brian W Brannigan; Patricia L Harris; Sara M Haserlat; Jeffrey G Supko; Frank G Haluska; David N Louis; David C Christiani; Jeff Settleman; Daniel A Haber
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2004-04-29       Impact factor: 91.245

7.  MET amplification leads to gefitinib resistance in lung cancer by activating ERBB3 signaling.

Authors:  Jeffrey A Engelman; Kreshnik Zejnullahu; Tetsuya Mitsudomi; Youngchul Song; Courtney Hyland; Joon Oh Park; Neal Lindeman; Christopher-Michael Gale; Xiaojun Zhao; James Christensen; Takayuki Kosaka; Alison J Holmes; Andrew M Rogers; Federico Cappuzzo; Tony Mok; Charles Lee; Bruce E Johnson; Lewis C Cantley; Pasi A Jänne
Journal:  Science       Date:  2007-04-26       Impact factor: 47.728

8.  Acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib is associated with a second mutation in the EGFR kinase domain.

Authors:  William Pao; Vincent A Miller; Katerina A Politi; Gregory J Riely; Romel Somwar; Maureen F Zakowski; Mark G Kris; Harold Varmus
Journal:  PLoS Med       Date:  2005-02-22       Impact factor: 11.069

9.  [Clinical response to gefitinib retreatment of lung adenocarcinoma patients who benefited from an initial gefitinib therapy: a retrospective analysis].

Authors:  Junling Li; Xuezhi Hao; Yan Wang; Xiangru Zhang; Yuankai Shi
Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi       Date:  2012-01

10.  mTOR inhibitors control the growth of EGFR mutant lung cancer even after acquiring resistance by HGF.

Authors:  Daisuke Ishikawa; Shinji Takeuchi; Takayuki Nakagawa; Takako Sano; Junya Nakade; Shigeki Nanjo; Tadaaki Yamada; Hiromichi Ebi; Lu Zhao; Kazuo Yasumoto; Takahiro Nakamura; Kunio Matsumoto; Hiroshi Kagamu; Hirohisa Yoshizawa; Seiji Yano
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2013-05-14       Impact factor: 3.240

  10 in total

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