BACKGROUND: The PURE study was established to investigate associations between social, behavioural, genetic, and environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases in 17 countries. In this analysis we compare the age, sex, urban/rural, mortality, and educational profiles of the PURE participants to national statistics. METHODS: PURE employed a community-based sampling and recruitment strategy where urban and rural communities were selected within countries. Within communities, representative samples of adults aged 35 to 70 years and their household members (n = 424,921) were invited for participation. RESULTS: The PURE household population compared to national statistics had more women (sex ratio 95.1 men per 100 women vs 100.3) and was older (33.1 years vs 27.3), although age had a positive linear relationship between the two data sources (Pearson's r = 0.92). PURE was 59.3% urban compared to an average of 63.1% in participating countries. The distribution of education was less than 7% different for each category, although PURE households typically had higher levels of education. For example, 37.8% of PURE household members had completed secondary education compared to 31.3% in the national data. Age-adjusted annual mortality rates showed positive correlation for men (r = 0.91) and women (r = 0.92) but were lower in PURE compared to national statistics (7.9 per 1000 vs 8.7 for men; 6.7 vs 8.1 for women). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that modest differences exist between the PURE household population and national data for the indicators studied. These differences, however, are unlikely to have much influence on exposure-disease associations derived in PURE. Further, incidence estimates from PURE, stratified according to sex and/or urban/rural location will enable valid comparisons of the relative rates of various cardiovascular outcomes across countries.
BACKGROUND: The PURE study was established to investigate associations between social, behavioural, genetic, and environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases in 17 countries. In this analysis we compare the age, sex, urban/rural, mortality, and educational profiles of the PURE participants to national statistics. METHODS: PURE employed a community-based sampling and recruitment strategy where urban and rural communities were selected within countries. Within communities, representative samples of adults aged 35 to 70 years and their household members (n = 424,921) were invited for participation. RESULTS: The PURE household population compared to national statistics had more women (sex ratio 95.1 men per 100 women vs 100.3) and was older (33.1 years vs 27.3), although age had a positive linear relationship between the two data sources (Pearson's r = 0.92). PURE was 59.3% urban compared to an average of 63.1% in participating countries. The distribution of education was less than 7% different for each category, although PURE households typically had higher levels of education. For example, 37.8% of PURE household members had completed secondary education compared to 31.3% in the national data. Age-adjusted annual mortality rates showed positive correlation for men (r = 0.91) and women (r = 0.92) but were lower in PURE compared to national statistics (7.9 per 1000 vs 8.7 for men; 6.7 vs 8.1 for women). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that modest differences exist between the PURE household population and national data for the indicators studied. These differences, however, are unlikely to have much influence on exposure-disease associations derived in PURE. Further, incidence estimates from PURE, stratified according to sex and/or urban/rural location will enable valid comparisons of the relative rates of various cardiovascular outcomes across countries.
Authors: Perry Hystad; Andrew Larkin; Sumathy Rangarajan; Khalid F AlHabib; Álvaro Avezum; Kevser Burcu Tumerdem Calik; Jephat Chifamba; Antonio Dans; Rafael Diaz; Johan L du Plessis; Rajeev Gupta; Romaina Iqbal; Rasha Khatib; Roya Kelishadi; Fernando Lanas; Zhiguang Liu; Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo; Sanjeev Nair; Paul Poirier; Omar Rahman; Annika Rosengren; Hany Swidan; Lap Ah Tse; Li Wei; Andreas Wielgosz; Karen Yeates; Khalid Yusoff; Tomasz Zatoński; Rick Burnett; Salim Yusuf; Michael Brauer Journal: Lancet Planet Health Date: 2020-06
Authors: Raphael E Arku; Aaron Birch; Matthew Shupler; Salim Yusuf; Perry Hystad; Michael Brauer Journal: Environ Int Date: 2018-03-19 Impact factor: 9.621
Authors: Salim Yusuf; Philip Joseph; Sumathy Rangarajan; Shofiqul Islam; Andrew Mente; Perry Hystad; Michael Brauer; Vellappillil Raman Kutty; Rajeev Gupta; Andreas Wielgosz; Khalid F AlHabib; Antonio Dans; Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo; Alvaro Avezum; Fernando Lanas; Aytekin Oguz; Iolanthe M Kruger; Rafael Diaz; Khalid Yusoff; Prem Mony; Jephat Chifamba; Karen Yeates; Roya Kelishadi; Afzalhussein Yusufali; Rasha Khatib; Omar Rahman; Katarzyna Zatonska; Romaina Iqbal; Li Wei; Hu Bo; Annika Rosengren; Manmeet Kaur; Viswanathan Mohan; Scott A Lear; Koon K Teo; Darryl Leong; Martin O'Donnell; Martin McKee; Gilles Dagenais Journal: Lancet Date: 2019-09-03 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Matthew Shupler; Perry Hystad; Paul Gustafson; Sumathy Rangarajan; Maha Mushtaha; K G Jayachtria; Prem K Mony; Deepa Mohan; Parthiban Kumar; Pvm Lakshmi; Vivek Sagar; Rajeev Gupta; Indu Mohan; Sanjeev Nair; Ravi Prasad Varma; Wei Li; Bo Hu; Kai You; Tatenda Ncube; Brian Ncube; Jephat Chifamba; Nicola West; Karen Yeates; Romaina Iqbal; Rehman Khawaja; Rita Yusuf; Afreen Khan; Pamela Seron; Fernando Lanas; Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo; Paul A Camacho; Thandi Puoane; Salim Yusuf; Michael Brauer Journal: Environ Res Lett Date: 2019-07-29 Impact factor: 6.793
Authors: Isabelle Risso-Gill; Dina Balabanova; Fadhlina Majid; Kien Keat Ng; Khalid Yusoff; Feisul Mustapha; Charlotte Kuhlbrandt; Robby Nieuwlaat; J-D Schwalm; Tara McCready; Koon K Teo; Salim Yusuf; Martin McKee Journal: BMC Health Serv Res Date: 2015-07-03 Impact factor: 2.655
Authors: Benjamin Palafox; Martin McKee; Dina Balabanova; Khalid F AlHabib; Alvaro Jr Avezum; Ahmad Bahonar; Noorhassim Ismail; Jephat Chifamba; Clara K Chow; Daniel J Corsi; Gilles R Dagenais; Rafael Diaz; Rajeev Gupta; Romaina Iqbal; Manmeet Kaur; Rasha Khatib; Annamarie Kruger; Iolanthe Marike Kruger; Fernando Lanas; Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo; Fu Minfan; Viswanathan Mohan; Prem K Mony; Aytekin Oguz; Lia M Palileo-Villanueva; Pablo Perel; Paul Poirier; Sumathy Rangarajan; Lei Rensheng; Annika Rosengren; Biju Soman; David Stuckler; S V Subramanian; Koon Teo; Lungiswa P Tsolekile; Andreas Wielgosz; Peng Yaguang; Karen Yeates; Mo Yongzhen; Khalid Yusoff; Rita Yusuf; Afzalhussein Yusufali; Katarzyna Zatońska; Salim Yusuf Journal: Int J Equity Health Date: 2016-12-08