Antigen expression by glial cells grown in culture.

Cell type-specific markers are currently available for identifying major cell types in neural cell cultures. The markers considered specific for glial cells are numerous, but only galactocerebroside and myelin basic protein for oligodendrocytes, and glial fibrillary acidic protein for astrocytes are widely adopted by investigators for that purpose. Other surface and intracellular markers which are specific for oligodendrocytes or astrocytes in vitro are briefly described. The possibility of using different classes of gangliosides as cell type-specific markers in neural cell culture is discussed. The presence of "transitional" or "bipotential" glial cells that express both oligodendrocytic and astrocytic phenotypes in human glial cell cultures and the regulatory effect of cyclic AMP derivatives on these cells are reported. In addition, the presence of Ia antigens on the surface of a selected population of cultured human oligodendrocytes and astrocytes is described.