Reciprocal effects of Toll-like receptors and miRNAs on biological processes in human health and disease: a systematic review.

The roles of miRNAs in human diseases are emerging. Manipulation of miRNA expression seems to be an effective approach to control disease severity. It has recently been found that Toll-like receptors and miRNAs work by exerting reciprocal effects. Toll-like receptor stimulation can lead to up-/down-regulation of various miRNA expressions. Lipopolysaccharide induction may result in interactions between different miRNAs. Several miRNAs are involved in cancers, indicating the importance of identifying strategies to properly manipulate their expression level. The control of various miRNA expression levels, taking into consideration the plethora of their target genes and the possibility that this may lead to contracting function, which is an important issue in treatment of any miRNA-based (phenotype) disease.