Interleukin-24 inhibits cell migration and invasion in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.

Neuroblastomas are common pediatric solid tumors with a variable clinical course; approximately 50% of patients present with metastatic disease at diagnosis. The development of metastatic lesions often causes a fatal outcome. Therefore, the prevention of metastases during the early stage of tumor development is critical for the improvement of the prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. We previously observed the suppression of neuroblastoma growth in response to overexpression of interleukin-24 (IL-24) in vitro and in vivo. IL-24 exerts its tumor-suppressive effects by multiple mechanisms, including the balance of Bcl-2 family proteins toward the pro-apoptotic pathway and the activation of the caspase cascade. In this study, we used adenovirus-mediated IL-24 (Ad-IL24) to examine the effect of the ectopic production of IL-24 on cell migration and invasion in human neuroblastoma cells. We found that IL-24 effectively inhibits SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell migration and invasion by changing subcellular localization and cellular levels of β-catenin and regulating the levels of proteins associated with cell migration and invasion. Thus, IL-24 should be considered a therapeutic agent that can inhibit primary neuroblastoma growth and that may prevent metastasis.