Exopolysaccharides from Sinorhizobium meliloti can protect against H2O2-dependent damage.

Sinorhizobium meliloti requires exopolysaccharides in order to form a successful nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with Medicago species. Additionally, during early stages of symbiosis, S. meliloti is presented with an oxidative burst that must be overcome. Levels of production of the exopolysaccharides succinoglycan (EPS-I) and galactoglucan (EPS-II) were found to correlate positively with survival in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 damage is dependent on the presence of iron and is mitigated when EPS-I and EPS-II mutants are cocultured with cells expressing either exopolysaccharide. Purified EPS-I is able to decrease in vitro levels of H2O2, and this activity is specific to the symbiotically active low-molecular-weight form of EPS-I. This suggests a potential protective function of exopolysaccharides against H2O2 during early symbiosis.