Anna Deleskog1, Olga Piksasova, Angela Silveira, Karl Gertow, Damiano Baldassarre, Fabrizio Veglia, Bengt Sennblad, Rona J Strawbridge, Malin Larsson, Karin Leander, Bruna Gigante, Jussi Kauhanen, Rainer Rauramaa, Andries J Smit, Elmo Mannarino, Philippe Giral, Sven Gustafsson, Claes-Göran Östenson, Steve E Humphries, Elena Tremoli, Ulf de Faire, John Öhrvik, Anders Hamsten. 1. From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.D., S.G, C.-G.Ö., J.Ö., A.H.), Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna (A.D., O.P., A.S., K.G., B.S., R.J.S., M.L.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (K.L., B.G., U.d.F.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano & Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.K.); Foundation for Research in Health, Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland (R.R.); Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (A.J.S.); Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (E.M.); Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Service Endocrinologie-Metabolisme, Groupe Hôpitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Unités de Prévention Cardiovasculaire, Paris, France (P.G.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in cardiovascular disease and is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in relation to latitude, baseline carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and IMT progression, the carotid IMT measures being surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was related to high-resolution carotid IMT measures in 3430 middle-aged and elderly subjects with high cardiovascular risk but no prevalent disease, who were recruited at 7 centers in Finland, Sweden, The Netherlands, France, and Italy. Participants underwent carotid ultrasound examination at baseline and at months 15 and 30 after entry into the study, whereas blood samples, clinical data, and information about lifestyle were collected at baseline. Serum 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with latitude (Jonckheere-Terpstra χ=166.643; P<0.001) and, as previously reported, associated with a range of cardiovascular risk factors. There were no independent relationships between 25(OH)D and segment-specific or composite IMT measures in the entire cohort. In analyses stratified by sex, diabetes mellitus, and statin treatment, weak associations with some baseline and progression measures of carotid IMT were observed in males, diabetics, and nonstatin-treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of 25(OH)D differed across Europe, were highest in the North, showed multiple associations with established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors but were not consistently, independently related to measures of carotid IMT. This argues against a protective role of vitamin D against subclinical atherosclerosis in high-risk individuals.
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in cardiovascular disease and is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in relation to latitude, baseline carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and IMT progression, the carotid IMT measures being surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was related to high-resolution carotid IMT measures in 3430 middle-aged and elderly subjects with high cardiovascular risk but no prevalent disease, who were recruited at 7 centers in Finland, Sweden, The Netherlands, France, and Italy. Participants underwent carotid ultrasound examination at baseline and at months 15 and 30 after entry into the study, whereas blood samples, clinical data, and information about lifestyle were collected at baseline. Serum 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with latitude (Jonckheere-Terpstra χ=166.643; P<0.001) and, as previously reported, associated with a range of cardiovascular risk factors. There were no independent relationships between 25(OH)D and segment-specific or composite IMT measures in the entire cohort. In analyses stratified by sex, diabetes mellitus, and statin treatment, weak associations with some baseline and progression measures of carotid IMT were observed in males, diabetics, and nonstatin-treated individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of 25(OH)D differed across Europe, were highest in the North, showed multiple associations with established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors but were not consistently, independently related to measures of carotid IMT. This argues against a protective role of vitamin D against subclinical atherosclerosis in high-risk individuals.
Authors: Stefan Pilz; Nicolas Verheyen; Martin R Grübler; Andreas Tomaschitz; Winfried März Journal: Nat Rev Cardiol Date: 2016-05-06 Impact factor: 32.419
Authors: Rona J Strawbridge; Anna Deleskog; Olga McLeod; Lasse Folkersen; Maryam Kavousi; Karl Gertow; Damiano Baldassarre; Fabrizio Veglia; Karin Leander; Bruna Gigante; Jussi Kauhanen; Rainer Rauramaa; Andries J Smit; Elmo Mannarino; Philippe Giral; Abbas Dehghan; Albert Hofman; Oscar H Franco; Steve E Humphries; Elena Tremoli; Ulf de Faire; Sven Gustafsson; Claes-Göran Östensson; Per Eriksson; John Öhrvik; Anders Hamsten Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2014-03-25 Impact factor: 10.122