Dynamics of chloroplast proteome in salt-stressed mangrove Kandelia candel (L.) Druce.

Kandelia candel is being established as a model xylophyte for ecoadaptation due to its salt tolerance. To adapt to high salinity, the photosynthesis apparatus must function efficiently under these conditions. Proteomic analysis of chloroplasts isolated from plants under different degrees of salt stress was performed to quantify the changes of individual proteins and to gain a global view of the total chloroplast protein dynamics. Among the 1030 proteins quantified (unique peptide ≥ 1), 76 showed a more than 1.5-fold change in abundance, of which 36 are involved in the light-dependent reactions and 12 in the Calvin cycle. The dynamic change of these proteins indicates that light-dependent reactions are maintained by up-regulating the levels of component proteins at both moderate and high salinity, and the Calvin cycle remained functional at moderate salinity but showed a decline at high salinity. In addition to proteins related to photosynthesis, some known abiotic-stress proteins and plastoglobuli were up-regulated in salt-stressed plants. Plastoglobuli might contribute to maintaining membrane integrity and fluidity. In conclusion, this extensive proteomic investigation on intact chloroplasts of the salt-tolerant xylophyte under salt stress provides some important novel information on adaptative mechanisms involving photosynthesis in responses to salt stress in K. candel.