Samir Delibegović1. 1. Department of Surgery, University Clinic Center Tuzla, Trnovac bb, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Electronic address: delibegovic.samir@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plastic clips are made of diamagnetic material and may result in fewer computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance artifacts than titanium clips. Considering that polymer plastic clips are increasingly being used in endoscopic surgery, our study examined the CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of plastic clips after application in the neurocranium and compared them with titanium clips. METHODS: Craniotomy was performed on the heads of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), and, at an angle of 90°, a permanent Yasargil FT 746 T clip was placed in a frontobasal, interhemispheric position. A plastic polymer medium-large Hem-o-lok clip was placed in the same position into another animal. After this procedure, CT of the brain was performed using Siemens 16 slice, followed by an MRI scan, on Philips MRI, 1.5 Tesla. The CT and magnetic resonance scans were analyzed. RESULTS: On axial CT sections through the site of placement of titanium clips, dotted hyperdensity with a high value of Hounsfield units (HUI) of about 2800-3000 could be clearly seen. At the site where the plastic polymer clips were placed, discrete hyperdensity was observed, measuring 130-140 HUI. MRI of the brain in which titanium clips were used revealed a hypointensive T1W signal in the interhemispheric fissure, with a hypointensive T2W signal. On the other hand, upon examination of the MRI of the brain in which plastic clips were used, the T1W signal described above did not occur, and there was also no T2W signal, and no artifacts observed. CONCLUSIONS: The plastic clips are made of a diamagnetic, nonconductive material that results in fewer CT and MRI artifacts than titanium clips.
BACKGROUND: Plastic clips are made of diamagnetic material and may result in fewer computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance artifacts than titanium clips. Considering that polymer plastic clips are increasingly being used in endoscopic surgery, our study examined the CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of plastic clips after application in the neurocranium and compared them with titanium clips. METHODS: Craniotomy was performed on the heads of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), and, at an angle of 90°, a permanent Yasargil FT 746 T clip was placed in a frontobasal, interhemispheric position. A plastic polymer medium-large Hem-o-lok clip was placed in the same position into another animal. After this procedure, CT of the brain was performed using Siemens 16 slice, followed by an MRI scan, on Philips MRI, 1.5 Tesla. The CT and magnetic resonance scans were analyzed. RESULTS: On axial CT sections through the site of placement of titanium clips, dotted hyperdensity with a high value of Hounsfield units (HUI) of about 2800-3000 could be clearly seen. At the site where the plastic polymer clips were placed, discrete hyperdensity was observed, measuring 130-140 HUI. MRI of the brain in which titanium clips were used revealed a hypointensive T1W signal in the interhemispheric fissure, with a hypointensive T2W signal. On the other hand, upon examination of the MRI of the brain in which plastic clips were used, the T1W signal described above did not occur, and there was also no T2W signal, and no artifacts observed. CONCLUSIONS: The plastic clips are made of a diamagnetic, nonconductive material that results in fewer CT and MRI artifacts than titanium clips.