INTRODUCTION: Serum amyloid A (SAA), secreted group IIA phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂-IIA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute-phase proteins whose serum concentrations increase not only during inflammatory disorders, but also in the course of malignant diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study we analyzed serum levels of these inflammatory markers along with prostate-specific antigens (PSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 55), localized prostate cancers (PCa, n = 55), and metastatic prostate cancers (mPCa, n = 27) using immunological assays. RESULTS: We found that in comparison to healthy individuals (n = 55), patients with BPH, PCa and mPCa have elevated serum levels of SAA, sPLA₂-IIA, and CRP, in addition to elevated levels of PSA. Significant differences with respect to inflammatory biomarkers were found between localized and metastatic PCa (p < 0.001), suggesting a prognostic value of these parameters. In addition, serum concentrations of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA positively correlate with CRP in BPH patients (p < 0.05) and in patients with PCa and mPCa (p < 0.001), but not with PSA levels, Gleason score, or tumor stage, emphasizing a role of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA as circulating biomarkers of inflammation rather than of neoplastic transformation. In contrast to PSA, which differed significantly between BPH and localized PCa patients (p < 0.01), such a difference was not found for SAA, sPLA₂-IIA, and CRP. In order to elucidate whether the elevated levels of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA can be caused by cancer cell-associated synthesis, in vitro studies were performed. These analyses demonstrated the expression of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cell lines, which can be further upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in a cell type-dependent manner. This might suggest that, in addition to the hepatic origin, SAA and sPLA₂-IIA can also be synthesized and secreted by prostatic cancer tissue itself. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study emphasize the utility of SAA, sPLA₂-IIA, and CRP as circulating biomarkers of inflammation during BPH development and PCa progression.
INTRODUCTION:Serum amyloid A (SAA), secreted group IIA phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂-IIA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute-phase proteins whose serum concentrations increase not only during inflammatory disorders, but also in the course of malignant diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study we analyzed serum levels of these inflammatory markers along with prostate-specific antigens (PSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 55), localized prostate cancers (PCa, n = 55), and metastatic prostate cancers (mPCa, n = 27) using immunological assays. RESULTS: We found that in comparison to healthy individuals (n = 55), patients with BPH, PCa and mPCa have elevated serum levels of SAA, sPLA₂-IIA, and CRP, in addition to elevated levels of PSA. Significant differences with respect to inflammatory biomarkers were found between localized and metastatic PCa (p < 0.001), suggesting a prognostic value of these parameters. In addition, serum concentrations of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA positively correlate with CRP in BPH patients (p < 0.05) and in patients with PCa and mPCa (p < 0.001), but not with PSA levels, Gleason score, or tumor stage, emphasizing a role of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA as circulating biomarkers of inflammation rather than of neoplastic transformation. In contrast to PSA, which differed significantly between BPH and localized PCapatients (p < 0.01), such a difference was not found for SAA, sPLA₂-IIA, and CRP. In order to elucidate whether the elevated levels of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA can be caused by cancer cell-associated synthesis, in vitro studies were performed. These analyses demonstrated the expression of SAA and sPLA₂-IIA in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cell lines, which can be further upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in a cell type-dependent manner. This might suggest that, in addition to the hepatic origin, SAA and sPLA₂-IIA can also be synthesized and secreted by prostatic cancer tissue itself. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study emphasize the utility of SAA, sPLA₂-IIA, and CRP as circulating biomarkers of inflammation during BPH development and PCa progression.
Authors: J R Graff; B W Konicek; J A Deddens; M Chedid; B M Hurst; B Colligan; B L Neubauer; H W Carter; J H Carter Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2001-12 Impact factor: 12.531
Authors: Tomasz M Beer; Alshad S Lalani; Stella Lee; Motomi Mori; Kristine M Eilers; John G Curd; W David Henner; Christopher W Ryan; Peter Venner; J Dean Ruether; Kim N Chi Journal: Cancer Date: 2008-06 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Jason Brocato; Hong Sun; Magdy Shamy; Thomas Kluz; Mansour A Alghamdi; Mamdouh I Khoder; Lung-Chi Chen; Max Costa Journal: J Toxicol Environ Health A Date: 2014
Authors: Joerg R Leheste; Kathryn E Ruvolo; Joanna E Chrostowski; Kristin Rivera; Christopher Husko; Alyssa Miceli; Martin K Selig; Holger Brüggemann; German Torres Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2017-03-14 Impact factor: 5.293