Sheree D Martin1, Sean L McGee2. 1. Metabolic Remodelling Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3217, Australia. 2. Metabolic Remodelling Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3217, Australia. Electronic address: sean.mcgee@deakin.edu.au.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing world-wide and insulin resistance is central to the aetiology of this disease. The biology underpinning the development of insulin resistance is not completely understood and the role of impaired mitochondrial function in the development of insulin resistance is controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review will provide an overview of the major processes regulated by mitochondria, before examining the evidence that has investigated the relationship between mitochondrial function and insulin action. Further considerations aimed at clarifying some controversies surrounding this issue will also be proposed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Controversy on this issue is fuelled by our lack of understanding of some of the basic biological interactions between mitochondria and insulin regulated processes in the context of insults thought to induce insulin resistance. Aspects that have not yet been considered are tissue/cell type specific responses, mitochondrial responses to site-specific impairments in mitochondrial function and as yet uncharacterised retrograde signalling from mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Further investigation of the relationship between mitochondria and insulin action could reveal novel mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance in specific patient subsets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Frontiers of Mitochondrial Research.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing world-wide and insulin resistance is central to the aetiology of this disease. The biology underpinning the development of insulin resistance is not completely understood and the role of impaired mitochondrial function in the development of insulin resistance is controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review will provide an overview of the major processes regulated by mitochondria, before examining the evidence that has investigated the relationship between mitochondrial function and insulin action. Further considerations aimed at clarifying some controversies surrounding this issue will also be proposed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Controversy on this issue is fuelled by our lack of understanding of some of the basic biological interactions between mitochondria and insulin regulated processes in the context of insults thought to induce insulin resistance. Aspects that have not yet been considered are tissue/cell type specific responses, mitochondrial responses to site-specific impairments in mitochondrial function and as yet uncharacterised retrograde signalling from mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Further investigation of the relationship between mitochondria and insulin action could reveal novel mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance in specific patient subsets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Frontiers of Mitochondrial Research.
Authors: Julia C Liu; Jie Liu; Kira M Holmström; Sara Menazza; Randi J Parks; Maria M Fergusson; Zu-Xi Yu; Danielle A Springer; Charles Halsey; Chengyu Liu; Elizabeth Murphy; Toren Finkel Journal: Cell Rep Date: 2016-07-28 Impact factor: 9.423
Authors: Vicent Ribas; Brian G Drew; Zhenqi Zhou; Jennifer Phun; Nareg Y Kalajian; Teo Soleymani; Pedram Daraei; Kevin Widjaja; Jonathan Wanagat; Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim; Amy H Fluitt; Steven Bensinger; Thuc Le; Caius Radu; Julian P Whitelegge; Simon W Beaven; Peter Tontonoz; Aldons J Lusis; Brian W Parks; Laurent Vergnes; Karen Reue; Harpreet Singh; Jean C Bopassa; Ligia Toro; Enrico Stefani; Matthew J Watt; Simon Schenk; Thorbjorn Akerstrom; Meghan Kelly; Bente K Pedersen; Sylvia C Hewitt; Kenneth S Korach; Andrea L Hevener Journal: Sci Transl Med Date: 2016-04-13 Impact factor: 17.956