RNA-seq-based comparative transcriptome analysis of the syngas-utilizing bacterium Clostridium ljungdahlii DSM 13528 grown autotrophically and heterotrophically.

Clostridium ljungdahlii DSM 13528 represents a promising platform organism for production of a whole variety of different biofuels and biochemicals from syngas. Although the publication of its genome gave us the first possibility to understand the molecular mechanism for carbon utilization, reports on the profiling of the transcriptome were unavailable. In this study, RNA-seq-based global transcriptome analysis was performed to compare the transcriptomes of C. ljungdahlii grown on CO-CO2 with those grown on fructose. In total, 1852 differentially expressed genes were identified, which included 366 upregulated genes and 1486 downregulated genes under CO-CO2 conditions. These up- and downregulated genes are predicted to be involved in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, CO2 reduction to acetic acid, fructose fermentation, central carbon metabolism and transport, and vitamin B12 synthesis. In addition, 36 small RNAs were identified, 20 of which were novel small RNAs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and RT-PCR analysis of the selected functional genes and sRNA genes expression profiles were found to be consistent with the RNA-seq data. The study allowed a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying syngas utilization and could help guide the design of rational strategies to increase the efficiency of syngas fixation in the future.