Neuropeptide-catecholamine interactions in stress.

Neuropeptides and catecholamines act as neurotransmitters within circuits of the central and peripheral nervous systems that mediate both systemic and psychological stress responses, as well as long-term adaptation and maladaptation to stress recognizable clinically as survival with resilience, or survival with cost, as manifested in anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other human behavioral disorders. The interactions between catecholamines and neuropeptides within some of these circuits are summarized in this chapter and described in detail in the three chapters following.