OBJECTIVE: Based on the hypothesis that high-meat diets may increase breast cancer risk through hormonal pathways, the present analysis compared oestrogens in serum and urine by meat-eating status. DESIGN: Intervention with repeated measures. SETTING: Two randomized soya trials (BEAN1 and BEAN2) among premenopausal healthy women. SUBJECTS: BEAN1 participants completed seven unannounced 24 h dietary recalls and donated five blood and urine samples over 2 years. BEAN2 women provided seven recalls and three samples over 13 months. Serum samples were analysed for oestrone (E₁) and oestradiol (E₂) using RIA. Nine oestrogen metabolites were measured in urine by LC-MS. Semi-vegetarians included women who reported consuming <30 g of red meat, poultry and fish daily, and pescatarians those who reported consuming <20 g of meat/poultry but >10 g of fish daily. All other women were classified as non-vegetarians. We applied mixed models to compute least-square means by vegetarian status adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS:The mean age of the 272 participants was 41·9 (SD 4·5) years. Serum E₁ (85 v. 100 pg/ml, P = 0·04) and E₂ (140 v. 154 pg/ml, P = 0·04) levels were lower in the thirty-seven semi-vegetarians than in the 235 non-vegetarians. The sum of the nine urinary oestrogen metabolites (183 v. 200 pmol/mg creatinine, P = 0·27) and the proportions of individual oestrogens and pathways did not differ by meat-eating status. Restricting the models to the samples collected during the luteal phase strengthened the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Given the limitations of the study, the lower levels of serum oestrogens in semi-vegetarians than non-vegetarians need confirmation in larger populations.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: Based on the hypothesis that high-meat diets may increase breast cancer risk through hormonal pathways, the present analysis compared oestrogens in serum and urine by meat-eating status. DESIGN: Intervention with repeated measures. SETTING: Two randomized soya trials (BEAN1 and BEAN2) among premenopausal healthy women. SUBJECTS:BEAN1participants completed seven unannounced 24 h dietary recalls and donated five blood and urine samples over 2 years. BEAN2 women provided seven recalls and three samples over 13 months. Serum samples were analysed for oestrone (E₁) and oestradiol (E₂) using RIA. Nine oestrogen metabolites were measured in urine by LC-MS. Semi-vegetarians included women who reported consuming <30 g of red meat, poultry and fish daily, and pescatarians those who reported consuming <20 g of meat/poultry but >10 g of fish daily. All other women were classified as non-vegetarians. We applied mixed models to compute least-square means by vegetarian status adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: The mean age of the 272 participants was 41·9 (SD 4·5) years. Serum E₁ (85 v. 100 pg/ml, P = 0·04) and E₂ (140 v. 154 pg/ml, P = 0·04) levels were lower in the thirty-seven semi-vegetarians than in the 235 non-vegetarians. The sum of the nine urinary oestrogen metabolites (183 v. 200 pmol/mg creatinine, P = 0·27) and the proportions of individual oestrogens and pathways did not differ by meat-eating status. Restricting the models to the samples collected during the luteal phase strengthened the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Given the limitations of the study, the lower levels of serum oestrogens in semi-vegetarians than non-vegetarians need confirmation in larger populations.
Authors: Rudolf Kaaks; Franco Berrino; Timothy Key; Sabina Rinaldi; Laure Dossus; Carine Biessy; Giorgio Secreto; Pilar Amiano; Sheila Bingham; Heiner Boeing; H Bas Bueno de Mesquita; Jenny Chang-Claude; Françoise Clavel-Chapelon; Agnès Fournier; Carla H van Gils; Carlos A Gonzalez; Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea; Elena Critselis; Kay Tee Khaw; Vittorio Krogh; Petra H Lahmann; Gabriele Nagel; Anja Olsen; N Charlotte Onland-Moret; Kim Overvad; Domenico Palli; Salvatore Panico; Petra Peeters; J Ramón Quirós; Andrew Roddam; Anne Thiebaut; Anne Tjønneland; Ma Dolores Chirlaque; Antonia Trichopoulou; Dimitrios Trichopoulos; Rosario Tumino; Paolo Vineis; Teresa Norat; Pietro Ferrari; Nadia Slimani; Elio Riboli Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2005-05-18 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: D O Stram; J H Hankin; L R Wilkens; M C Pike; K R Monroe; S Park; B E Henderson; A M Nomura; M E Earle; F S Nagamine; L N Kolonel Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2000-02-15 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: A Heather Eliassen; Regina G Ziegler; Bernard Rosner; Timothy D Veenstra; John M Roman; Xia Xu; Susan E Hankinson Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2009-10-20 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: G Maskarinec; Y Morimoto; S Heak; M Isaki; A Steinbrecher; L Custer; A A Franke Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2012-06-20 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Paul J Yong; Christina Williams; Ali Yosef; Fontayne Wong; Mohamed A Bedaiwy; Sarka Lisonkova; Catherine Allaire Journal: Sex Med Date: 2017-08-01 Impact factor: 2.491