Bioaccumulation and toxicity of arsenic in cyanobacteria cultures separated from a eutrophic reservoir.

The bioaccumulation and toxicity of arsenate (arsenic (As)(V)) was studied using three cultures of cyanobacterial species-Oscillatoria tenuisa, Anabaena affinis, and Microcystis aeruginosa-that were isolated from a eutrophic reservoir. The As(V) uptake depended on the cyanobacterial species, the growth phase of the cyanobacteria, the duration of exposure, and the initial concentration of As(V). The specific growth rates of the three cultures immediately following the logarithmic phase were 0.033-0.041 L/day when the initial concentration of As(V) was 50 mg/L. These rates were 2.3-3.6 times less than those in the original culture medium without As(V). The rate of intake of As(V) in the logarithmic phase cultures greatly exceeded that in the stationary cultures. The accumulation of As(V) by the three cultures increased rapidly within 1 week from the initial value of 3.23 × 10(-2)-5.40 × 10(-2) to 5.06 × 10(-1)-6.73 × 10(-1) ng/cell in the logarithmic phase. The effective concentrations (EC50) of As(V) for inhibiting the growth of the three cyanobacterial species growth of at 72 h followed the order Oscillatoria tenuisa (3.8 mg/L) > A. affinis (2.6 mg/L) > M. aeruginosa (1.2 mg/L). The cyanobacterial species that was most sensitive to As(V) was M. aeruginosa. Preliminary results from SEM-map studies suggest most of the As(V) in Microcystis aeruginosa accumulated in the cytoplasm (intercellular), while in O. tenuisa and A. affinis, a large proportion of As(V) bound to the cell wall (extracellular). These differences were understood with reference to the variation among the metabolic properties and morphological characteristics of the cyanobacterial species.