Sir,Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a department of tertiary health care which provide special and subspecial therapeutic care for complicated neonate and with this reason it seems that mortality rate might be higher than other medical care unit.[1] Tracking the trend of NICU's mortality rate is of particular importance to evaluation of health status of a country.In a cross-sectional study using the medical records data; we investigated the 10-year trend of mortality rate in NICU of Najmiyeh University Hospital, Tehran, Iran between 2001 and 2010. Over the periods 368, 470, 485, 884, 747, 520, 600, 720, 668 and 735 newborns has been admitted to the NICU and of which 25 (7%), 36 (8%), 56 (12%), 44 (5%), 43 (6%), 49 (9%), 40 (7%), 34 (5%), 32 (5%) and 31 (4%) expired in this unit, respectively. Regarding to the therapeutic, technical and technological improvement, NICU mortality rate was decreased year by year. The global mortality rate in this period was 6.2% (95% confidence interval 5.6-6.9%).Infant mortality rate is reported 3.18 in 1000 births in Iran although the higher neonatal mortality rate in NICU was reported by another studies.[234] International organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) consider applicable standards essential for providing effective health services in hospitals and health centers. On the other hand, birth of a premature neonate and also staying in NICU is associated with separation from family and hospitalization which can burden a lot of stress to the parents.[5] Nevertheless, various factors should be considered to interpret the variation of mortality rate in NICU such as improvement of triage process, decreasing the cost of procedure and in result increasing in availability and low-severity admissions varied among hospitals.[123] Therefore, it is necessary to create a national standards recipe of nursing and medical care for NICUs in Iran.