AIMS: To examine non-medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) patterns during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and assess individual characteristics and other substance use behaviors associated with longitudinal patterns of NMUPO. DESIGN: Nationally representative samples of high school seniors in the United States (wave 1: modal age 18 years) were followed longitudinally across three biennial follow-up waves (waves 2, 3 and 4: modal ages 19/20, 21/22 and 23/24 years). SETTING: Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires to high school seniors and young adults. PARTICIPANTS: The longitudinal sample consisted of 27 268 individuals in 30 cohorts (high school senior years 1976-2005) who participated in all four waves. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reports of NMUPO and other substance use behaviors. FINDINGS: Approximately 11.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.2%, 12.0%] of the sample reported past-year NMUPO in at least one of the four waves. Among those who reported past-year NMUPO in at least one wave, 69.0% (67.6%, 70.4%), 20.5% (19.3%, 21.7%), 7.8% (7.1%, 8.6%) and 2.7% (2.3%, 3.1%) reported NMUPO at one, two, three and four waves, respectively. Several wave 1 variables were associated with greater odds of multiple waves of NMUPO and individuals who reported more waves of NMUPO had greater odds of other substance use behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Although most non-medical use of prescription opioids among 18-year-olds in the United States appears to be non-continuing, approximately one-third of the sample reporting non-medical use of prescription opioids appear to continue use beyond age 18 and have elevated odds of other substance use behaviors at ages 23/24.
AIMS: To examine non-medical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) patterns during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and assess individual characteristics and other substance use behaviors associated with longitudinal patterns of NMUPO. DESIGN: Nationally representative samples of high school seniors in the United States (wave 1: modal age 18 years) were followed longitudinally across three biennial follow-up waves (waves 2, 3 and 4: modal ages 19/20, 21/22 and 23/24 years). SETTING: Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires to high school seniors and young adults. PARTICIPANTS: The longitudinal sample consisted of 27 268 individuals in 30 cohorts (high school senior years 1976-2005) who participated in all four waves. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reports of NMUPO and other substance use behaviors. FINDINGS: Approximately 11.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.2%, 12.0%] of the sample reported past-year NMUPO in at least one of the four waves. Among those who reported past-year NMUPO in at least one wave, 69.0% (67.6%, 70.4%), 20.5% (19.3%, 21.7%), 7.8% (7.1%, 8.6%) and 2.7% (2.3%, 3.1%) reported NMUPO at one, two, three and four waves, respectively. Several wave 1 variables were associated with greater odds of multiple waves of NMUPO and individuals who reported more waves of NMUPO had greater odds of other substance use behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Although most non-medical use of prescription opioids among 18-year-olds in the United States appears to be non-continuing, approximately one-third of the sample reporting non-medical use of prescription opioids appear to continue use beyond age 18 and have elevated odds of other substance use behaviors at ages 23/24.
Authors: Carlos Blanco; Donald Alderson; Elizabeth Ogburn; Bridget F Grant; Edward V Nunes; Mark L Hatzenbuehler; Deborah S Hasin Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2007-05-21 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Jenna L McCauley; J Madison Hyer; V Ramesh Ramakrishnan; Renata Leite; Cathy L Melvin; Roger B Fillingim; Christie Frick; Kathleen T Brady Journal: J Am Dent Assoc Date: 2016-04-05 Impact factor: 3.634
Authors: Elizabeth Austic; Sean Esteban McCabe; Sarah A Stoddard; Quyen Epstein Ngo; Carol Boyd Journal: J Addict Med Date: 2015 Sep-Oct Impact factor: 3.702
Authors: Shaness A Grenald; Madison A Young; Yue Wang; Michael H Ossipov; Mohab M Ibrahim; Tally M Largent-Milnes; Todd W Vanderah Journal: Neuropharmacology Date: 2016-12-20 Impact factor: 5.250