PURPOSE: Infants with recurrent infection may be found to have hypogammaglobulinemia without impaired specific antibody responses. Many will be diagnosed with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. METHODS: This study used a parametric survival analysis of 100 infants with hypogammaglobulinemia to predict time to normalization. RESULTS: Aggregate initial immunoglobulins (IgG + IgA + IgM), as a percentage of age-adjusted normal, predicted time to resolution: median time to resolution for the infants in the lowest quartile of aggregate levels (≤81 % of age-adjusted lower limits) was greater than 5 years, with 34 % resolving in 3 years. For infants in the highest quartile (≥130 % of age-adjusted lower limits), the median was 9.9 months, with 77 % resolving in 3 years (P = 0.008). Initial IgG level, as a percentage of age-adjusted normal, also predicted resolution: the median time in the lowest quartile (≤78 % of age-adjusted lower limits) was greater than 5 years, with 36 % resolving in 3 years. In the highest quartile (≥128 %), the median time was 14.5 months, with 70 % resolving in 3 years (P = 0.010). Male sex was associated with more rapid resolution. The median time in males was 13 months, with 73 % resolution in 3 years. The median time in females was greater than 5 years, with 32 % resolution in 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that if a term infant presents with hypogammaglobulinemia, protective specific antibody titers, and an absence of other known immune deficiency, initial immunoglobulin levels and sex may predict time to normalization.
PURPOSE:Infants with recurrent infection may be found to have hypogammaglobulinemia without impaired specific antibody responses. Many will be diagnosed with transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. METHODS: This study used a parametric survival analysis of 100 infants with hypogammaglobulinemia to predict time to normalization. RESULTS: Aggregate initial immunoglobulins (IgG + IgA + IgM), as a percentage of age-adjusted normal, predicted time to resolution: median time to resolution for the infants in the lowest quartile of aggregate levels (≤81 % of age-adjusted lower limits) was greater than 5 years, with 34 % resolving in 3 years. For infants in the highest quartile (≥130 % of age-adjusted lower limits), the median was 9.9 months, with 77 % resolving in 3 years (P = 0.008). Initial IgG level, as a percentage of age-adjusted normal, also predicted resolution: the median time in the lowest quartile (≤78 % of age-adjusted lower limits) was greater than 5 years, with 36 % resolving in 3 years. In the highest quartile (≥128 %), the median time was 14.5 months, with 70 % resolving in 3 years (P = 0.010). Male sex was associated with more rapid resolution. The median time in males was 13 months, with 73 % resolution in 3 years. The median time in females was greater than 5 years, with 32 % resolution in 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that if a term infant presents with hypogammaglobulinemia, protective specific antibody titers, and an absence of other known immune deficiency, initial immunoglobulin levels and sex may predict time to normalization.
Authors: V Moschese; S Graziani; M A Avanzini; R Carsetti; M Marconi; M La Rocca; L Chini; C Pignata; A R Soresina; R Consolini; G Bossi; A Trizzino; S Martino; F Cardinale; P Bertolini; G L Marseglia; M Zecca; S Di Cesare; I Quinti; R Rondelli; M C Pietrogrande; P Rossi; A Plebani Journal: Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol Date: 2008 Apr-Jun Impact factor: 3.219
Authors: Waleed Al-Herz; Aziz Bousfiha; Jean-Laurent Casanova; Helen Chapel; Mary Ellen Conley; Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles; Amos Etzioni; Alain Fischer; Jose Luis Franco; Raif S Geha; Lennart Hammarström; Shigeaki Nonoyama; Luigi Daniele Notarangelo; Hans Dieter Ochs; Jennifer M Puck; Chaim M Roifman; Reinhard Seger; Mimi L K Tang Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2011-11-08 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Ellen J H Schatorjé; Everieke de Jong; Roeland W N M van Hout; Yumely García Vivas; Esther de Vries Journal: J Clin Immunol Date: 2016-02-04 Impact factor: 8.317