PURPOSE: To elucidate the effects of intra-articular haemorrhage on the joint capsule of immobilized knees in rats. METHODS: The unilateral knee joints were immobilized using a plastic plate and screws. Sham operated rats had only screws inserted. A single injection of fresh autologous blood was given postoperatively into the knee joints of the immobilized blood injection (Im-B) and the Sham blood injection (Sm-B) groups. Normal saline was administered for the immobilized-saline injection (Im-S) group. Sagittal sections were prepared from the medial midcondylar region of the knee and assessed with histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical methods. The range of motion (ROM) was measured, and the mechanical property of the capsule was assessed by scanning acoustic microscope. RESULTS: Absorption of the injected blood was delayed and made severe adhesions in the Im-B group. The length of the synovial membrane in the Im-B group was significantly shorter than that of the other groups. The ROM was significantly restricted in the Im-B group compared with the other groups. The elasticity of the posterior capsule in the Im-B group was significantly lower than that in the Sm-B group. Iron deposition was observed in the Im-B and Sm-B groups. Strong immunoreactivities of CD68, TGF-β1, and α-SMA were observed in the adhesion area of the Im-B group. Joint immobilization with blood injection caused severe capsular adhesion and limited range of motion. Immunostaining related to fibrosis increased with joint haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Intra-articular haemorrhage with joint immobilization might be an accelerated risk factor for joint contracture. It is likely that leaving a haematoma inside an immobilized joint should be avoided.
PURPOSE: To elucidate the effects of intra-articular haemorrhage on the joint capsule of immobilized knees in rats. METHODS: The unilateral knee joints were immobilized using a plastic plate and screws. Sham operated rats had only screws inserted. A single injection of fresh autologous blood was given postoperatively into the knee joints of the immobilized blood injection (Im-B) and the Sham blood injection (Sm-B) groups. Normal saline was administered for the immobilized-saline injection (Im-S) group. Sagittal sections were prepared from the medial midcondylar region of the knee and assessed with histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical methods. The range of motion (ROM) was measured, and the mechanical property of the capsule was assessed by scanning acoustic microscope. RESULTS: Absorption of the injected blood was delayed and made severe adhesions in the Im-B group. The length of the synovial membrane in the Im-B group was significantly shorter than that of the other groups. The ROM was significantly restricted in the Im-B group compared with the other groups. The elasticity of the posterior capsule in the Im-B group was significantly lower than that in the Sm-B group. Iron deposition was observed in the Im-B and Sm-B groups. Strong immunoreactivities of CD68, TGF-β1, and α-SMA were observed in the adhesion area of the Im-B group. Joint immobilization with blood injection caused severe capsular adhesion and limited range of motion. Immunostaining related to fibrosis increased with joint haemorrhage. CONCLUSION:Intra-articular haemorrhage with joint immobilization might be an accelerated risk factor for joint contracture. It is likely that leaving a haematoma inside an immobilized joint should be avoided.
Authors: James J Tomasek; Giulio Gabbiani; Boris Hinz; Christine Chaponnier; Robert A Brown Journal: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 94.444
Authors: S van Grinsven; R E H van Cingel; C J M Holla; C J M van Loon Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2010-01-13 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: N W D Jansen; G Roosendaal; M J G Wenting; J W J Bijlsma; M Theobald; H A W Hazewinkel; F P J G Lafeber Journal: Osteoarthritis Cartilage Date: 2008-10-14 Impact factor: 6.576
Authors: Andreas Baranowski; Ludwig Schlemmer; Katharina Förster; Ekaterina Slotina; Tim Mickan; Sebastian Truffel; Anja Klein; Stefan G Mattyasovszky; Alexander Hofmann; Ulrike Ritz; Pol M Rommens Journal: Drug Des Devel Ther Date: 2019-07-30 Impact factor: 4.162
Authors: Andreas Baranowski; Ludwig Schlemmer; Katharina Förster; Stefan G Mattyasovszky; Ulrike Ritz; Daniel Wagner; Pol M Rommens; Alexander Hofmann Journal: J Orthop Surg Res Date: 2018-07-25 Impact factor: 2.359
Authors: Erik Wegner; Ekaterina Slotina; Tim Mickan; Sebastian Truffel; Charlotte Arand; Daniel Wagner; Ulrike Ritz; Pol M Rommens; Erol Gercek; Philipp Drees; Andreas Baranowski Journal: Pharmaceutics Date: 2022-02-26 Impact factor: 6.321