AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant status and oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood of children and teenagers with Down syndrome. MAIN METHODS: The analysis of enzymatic antioxidant defenses, such as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione transferase (GST), non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA) and vitamin E, as well as oxidative damage indicators, such as protein carbonyls (PC) levels and lipoperoxidation (TBARS), of DS individuals (n=20) compared to healthy controls (n=18). Except the vitamin E was measured by HPLC, all other markers were measured spectrophotometrically. KEY FINDINGS: Antioxidant enzymes analysis showed significant increases in the SOD (47.2%), CAT (24.7%) and GR (49.6%) activities in DS subjects. No significant difference in GPx activity was detected while GST activity (61.2%) was decreased, and both responses may be consequence of the depletion of GSH (24.9%) levels. There were no significant differences in TBARS levels, while PC levels showed decreased (31.7%) levels compared to healthy controls, which may be related to the increase (16.1%) found in serum UA. Levels of vitamin E showed no significant differences between DS individuals compared to controls. SIGNIFICANCE: The results revealed a systemic pro-oxidant status in DS individuals, evidenced by the increased activity of some important antioxidant enzymes, together with decreased GSH levels in whole blood and elevated UA levels in plasma, probably as an antioxidant compensation related to the redox imbalance in DS individuals.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant status and oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood of children and teenagers with Down syndrome. MAIN METHODS: The analysis of enzymatic antioxidant defenses, such as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione transferase (GST), non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA) and vitamin E, as well as oxidative damage indicators, such as protein carbonyls (PC) levels and lipoperoxidation (TBARS), of DS individuals (n=20) compared to healthy controls (n=18). Except the vitamin E was measured by HPLC, all other markers were measured spectrophotometrically. KEY FINDINGS: Antioxidant enzymes analysis showed significant increases in the SOD (47.2%), CAT (24.7%) and GR (49.6%) activities in DS subjects. No significant difference in GPx activity was detected while GST activity (61.2%) was decreased, and both responses may be consequence of the depletion of GSH (24.9%) levels. There were no significant differences in TBARS levels, while PC levels showed decreased (31.7%) levels compared to healthy controls, which may be related to the increase (16.1%) found in serum UA. Levels of vitamin E showed no significant differences between DS individuals compared to controls. SIGNIFICANCE: The results revealed a systemic pro-oxidant status in DS individuals, evidenced by the increased activity of some important antioxidant enzymes, together with decreased GSH levels in whole blood and elevated UA levels in plasma, probably as an antioxidant compensation related to the redox imbalance in DS individuals.
Authors: Fernando Mejia-Sanchez; Laura Patricia Montenegro-Morales; Julieta Castillo-Cadena Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2017-10-19 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Panagiotis Zis; Patrick McHugh; Andrew McQuillin; Domenico Praticò; Mark Dickinson; Sima Shende; Zuzana Walker; Andre Strydom Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-06-05 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Barrett J Burger; Shannon Rose; Sirish C Bennuri; Pritmohinder S Gill; Marie L Tippett; Leanna Delhey; Stepan Melnyk; Richard E Frye Journal: Front Pediatr Date: 2017-10-12 Impact factor: 3.418