[The role of microRNA in ischemic diseases--impact on the regulation of inflammatory, apoptosis and angiogenesis processes].

Ischemic diseases, including coronary artery disease and critical limb ischemia, are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The result of tissue hypoxia is activation of processes such as inflammatory, angiogenesis and cell death by apoptosis, autophagy or necrosis. Recenty special attention has been paid to the investigation of the microRNA's role in these processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a group of noncoding small RNAs with a length of 20-24 ribonucleotides, which play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Most of them specifically recognizes the 3'-untranslated regions (UTR) of their target mRNAs, thereby blocking the process of protein translation or causing mRNA degradation. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of miRNA in processes of apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation during tissue ischemia. Particular attention was paid to the regulation of these molecules in cardiac cells, vascular smooth muscle and heart, and endothelium. In summary diagnostic and therapeutic use of microRNAs in ischemic disease was discussed.