Progranulin expression in neural stem cells and their differentiated cell lineages: an immunocytochemical study.

Progranulin (PGRN) is a neurotrophic factor that regulates neurite outgrowth and enhances neuronal survival. The association between PGRN and neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation may aid in elucidating the underlying pathogenesis and potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the association between PGRN and NSCs and their lineages, primary NSCs were prepared from the subventricular zone of neonatal Sprague Dawley pups (age, 1 day) and cultured in the neural stem cell medium. After 7 days in culture, NSCs aggregated into neurospheres and were maintained in the differential medium for 7 days following three passages. In addition, PGRN expression in neurospheres and differentiated cells (neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. The PGRN expression and localization was also investigated in the brain tissues of neonatal rats (age, 1 and 7 days) by double immunofluorescence staining. The data indicated that PGRN was highly expressed in NSCs and their differentiated cell lineages in vitro. The results also demonstrated that PGRN was predominantly expressed in neurons and microglia in vivo, and marginally in NSCs, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The present study suggested that PGRN may be involved in the regulation of NSC differentiation.