BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is one of the most commonly detected cancers worldwide, and papillary thyroidal carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid cancers. In contrast to the indolent nature of PTC, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) shows an extremely poor prognosis and has not responded to any therapeutic modalities. Many researchers postulate that the dedifferentiation of thyroid follicular cells into primitive cells might be related to the pathogenesis of ATC because several cases of ATC have revealed pre-existing PTC lesions. Additionally, the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has been widely accepted in the pathogenesis of ATC. OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of various CSC markers in thyroid carcinoma tissues and analyse their clinical significance. METHODS: 133 patients with PTC and 25 patients with ATC were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry for aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD133, CXCR4, ATP-binding cassette (ABC)G2, multidrug resistance associated protein-1 (MRP1), lung resistance protein-1 (LRP), P-glycoprotein 1 (P-Gp1), SOX2, SOX9 and Oct4 was performed using tissue microarray. RESULTS: CSC marker expression was significantly high in ATC, particularly chemoresistance markers such as ABCG2, MRP1, LRP and CXCR4. In PTC, ABCG2 was highly positive in more advanced pathological stages and was associated with lymph node involvement, with borderline significance. In ATC, high expression of CXCR4 correlated with distant metastasis, and LRP showed a tendency to correlate with lymph node metastasis. High expression of CSC markers was related to shorter overall survival in patients with ATC. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide strong evidence that CSCs are related to the pathogenesis of ATC and can explain the frequent treatment failure and aggressiveness of ATC.
BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is one of the most commonly detected cancers worldwide, and papillary thyroidal carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid cancers. In contrast to the indolent nature of PTC, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) shows an extremely poor prognosis and has not responded to any therapeutic modalities. Many researchers postulate that the dedifferentiation of thyroid follicular cells into primitive cells might be related to the pathogenesis of ATC because several cases of ATC have revealed pre-existing PTC lesions. Additionally, the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has been widely accepted in the pathogenesis of ATC. OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of various CSC markers in thyroid carcinoma tissues and analyse their clinical significance. METHODS: 133 patients with PTC and 25 patients with ATC were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry for aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD133, CXCR4, ATP-binding cassette (ABC)G2, multidrug resistance associated protein-1 (MRP1), lung resistance protein-1 (LRP), P-glycoprotein 1 (P-Gp1), SOX2, SOX9 and Oct4 was performed using tissue microarray. RESULTS: CSC marker expression was significantly high in ATC, particularly chemoresistance markers such as ABCG2, MRP1, LRP and CXCR4. In PTC, ABCG2 was highly positive in more advanced pathological stages and was associated with lymph node involvement, with borderline significance. In ATC, high expression of CXCR4 correlated with distant metastasis, and LRP showed a tendency to correlate with lymph node metastasis. High expression of CSC markers was related to shorter overall survival in patients with ATC. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide strong evidence that CSCs are related to the pathogenesis of ATC and can explain the frequent treatment failure and aggressiveness of ATC.
Entities:
Keywords:
Carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ying C Henderson; Soon-Hyun Ahn; Junsun Ryu; Yunyun Chen; Michelle D Williams; Adel K El-Naggar; Mihai Gagea; Rebecca E Schweppe; Bryan R Haugen; Stephen Y Lai; Gary L Clayman Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2014-11-26 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Walter Arancio; Valeria Carina; Giuseppe Pizzolanti; Laura Tomasello; Maria Pitrone; Concetta Baiamonte; Marco Calogero Amato; Carla Giordano Journal: Int J Endocrinol Date: 2015-01-29 Impact factor: 3.257