Influence of different planting seasons of six leaf vegetables on residues of five pesticides.

To investigate the influence of different planting seasons on the dissipation of pesticides, field experiments of thiophanate-methyl, metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos, and λ-cyhalothrin on six crops including pakchoi, rape, crown daisy, amaranth, spinach, and lettuce were designed and conducted. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring was used to simultaneously determine thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim, metalaxyl, and fluazifop-P-butyl in various samples; gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was used to detect chlorpyrifos and λ-cyhalothrin. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of these six pesticides were in the range of 0.001-0.01 mg kg(-1) for all samples, and the average recoveries of all pesticides ranged from 60.1 to 119.1% at 0.01 and 0.1 mg kg(-1) spiked levels. The relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 1.1 to 13.9%. All maximal concentrations of the six pesticides in six leaf vegetables in autumn were higher than in summer in Beijing. For most pesticides half-lives in autumn were longer than in summer. The results showed that the initial concentration, maximal concentration, and half-lives of pesticides were influenced not only by environmental factors such as light, heat, moisture, and rainy climate but also by plant matrices.